企业异质、地区异质与多要素流动

Firm Heterogeneity,Region Heterogeneity and Multi-Factors Mobility

本文将企业异质、地区异质与多要素流动统一到新经济地理学的分析框架中,发展了企业异质的新经济地理学模型。研究结果表明,当满足产业集聚的强条件时,企业分布异质性的增强强化了产业集聚的“黑洞条件”,反之,则会强化产业的分散力;区域间异质性增大导致区域均衡发展越来越困难。如果区域间的初始禀赋条件相同,则对称结构可能是一种稳定均衡结构,这时对称结构稳定对应的贸易自由度范围最宽。反之,如果区域间的初始禀赋条件不同,这时内部一般非对称结构可能成为一种稳定均衡结构,但这时对应的贸易自由度范围有所变窄;在区域异质性的条件下,内部非对称结构可能是一种稳定均衡结构,当地区同质时,该内部非对称结构就会演变为对称稳定均衡结构,并且,存在多重稳定均衡结构的现象。随着贸易自由度的提高,集聚是可能的,也是渐进的,这一过程会变得可逆。

This paper unifies firm heterogeneity,region heterogeneity and multi-factors mobility into the analytical framework of NEG and develops the new NEG model of firm heterogeneity.The results indicate that when a strong condition of industrial agglomeration is met,the enhancement of enterprise distribution heterogeneity strengthens the"black hole condition"of industrial agglomeration;otherwise,it will strengthen the dispersion force of industry;the increase of region heterogeneity makes regional balanced development more difficult.If the initial endowment conditions among regions are the same,symmetric structure may be a stable equilibrium structure,then the symmetric structure stability corresponds to the widest range of trade liberalization.Conversely,if the initial endowment conditions among regions are different,the interior general asymmetric structure may become a stable equilibrium structure,while the corresponding range of trade liberalization becomes narrower;under the condition of region heterogeneity,interior asymmetric structure may be a stable equilibrium structure,and the interior asymmetric structure will evolve into a symmetric stable equilibrium structure when the regions are homogeneous.Meanwhile,it exists the phenomenon of multiple stable equilibrium structures.With the increase of trade liberalization,agglomeration is possible and gradual,and the process becomes reversible.