矿工不安全行为的双重加工机制研究

Dual processing mechanism of miners’unsafe behavior

矿工不安全行为研究是安全管理领域的经典问题,现有文献多从人因工程和行为经济学视角解释不安全行为的产生机制,少有文献关注矿工在“未经深思熟虑”状态下的不安全行为决策机制,本研究基于双系统理论建构矿工不安全行为双重加工机制解释模型。采用问卷调查方法调动矿工在系统2——即深思熟虑的状态下对25种不安全行为进行威胁评估,结果显示对于所有不安全行为,被调查者判断此类行为“经常发生”的比例远高于做出“低威胁评估”的人数比例,表明矿工在生产过程中确实存在运用系统1——“未经深思熟虑”的决策机制实施不安全行为的情形。在此基础上分析矿工采用系统1进行行为决策的影响因素,过去行为、时间压力、处理能力、认知动机、卷入程度及风险感知等因素是影响行为加工机制的主要因素,并据此提出了针对系统1状态下的不安全行为的管控策略。

The study of miners'unsafe behavior is a classic problem in the field of safety management.The existing literature mostly explains the mechanism of unsafe behavior from the perspective of human factors engineering and behavioral economics,but there are few literature about the decision-making mechanism of miners'unsafe behavior acted without careful consideration.So,we constructed a dual processing mechanism explanation model of miners'unsafe behavior based on the dual system theory,amd used questionnaire survey method to mobilize miners to make threat assessment on 25 kinds of unsafe behaviors in the state of system 2,that is,thoughtful.The results showed that for all unsafe behaviors,the proportion of respondents who judged such behaviors as“frequent occurrence”is much higher than the proportion of people who made“low threat assessment”,indicating that miners did use the decision-making mechanism of system 1,that is,not thoughtful,to implement unsafe behaviors in the production process.On this basis,we analyzed the influencing factors of miners'behavior decision-making using system 1,the results showed that,past behavior,time pressure,processing ability,cognitive motivation,involvement and risk perception are the main factors affecting behavior processing mechanism.Accordingly,the control strategies for unsafe behaviors under the state of system 1 were proposed.