多民族互嵌式易地扶贫搬迁社区铸牢中华民族共同体意识之实践——基于贵州阿妹戚托小镇的田野调查

The Practical Logic of Forging a Sense of Community for the Chinese Nation in Ethnic Inter-Embedding and Poverty Alleviation through the Relocation of Communities:A Case Study Based on the Fieldwork at Amei Qituo Town,Guizhou

铸牢中华民族共同体意识是当前党的民族工作主线,全国各地经实践得出大量成功经验。但由于地理、人口、社会经济条件等因素,没有微观层面关于社区(村落)铸牢中华民族共同体意识的实践探索。本文以贵州阿妹戚托小镇为案例,分析多民族互嵌式易地扶贫搬迁社区(村落)中的铸牢中华民族共同体意识的实践路径,提炼这一类型社区(村落)铸牢中华民族共同体意识实践中的普遍模式,以期为其他社区(村落)提供参考。阿妹戚托小镇是贵州省第一个实现整乡搬迁的易地扶贫社区,又是民族互嵌式社区,同时还是国家级旅游景区,这三重属性几乎能包含所有社区(村落)的特点,同时也决定了它在铸牢中华民族共同体意识过程中有一些独特的经验和实践逻辑:一是重视顶层设计到基层落实,为铸牢中华民族共同体意识夯实政治基础;二是转变救济式扶贫为“易地扶贫搬迁+”模式,为铸牢中华民族共同体意识创造物质条件;三是坚持实现空间互嵌到情感互嵌,为铸牢中华民族共同体意识深化情感认同。

Forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation is a main task for the CPC's ethnic work in the new era of China,as well as the guiding principles for all actions in ethnic minority areas.Through practice and exploration,various areas of China have made considerable achievements in the work of forging a sense of community for the Chinese nation.Indeed,a large number of successful cases have stood out and the town of Amei Qituo in Qinglong County of Guizhou Province is one of them:In fact,Amei Qituo is the first poverty alleviation-through-relocation site that has successfully completed a whole-town relocation task in Guizhou province.It is also a multi-ethnic embedded community,as well as a China 4A-level scenic spot.These three kinds of attributes indicate that Amei Qituo Town has its own complexity and particularity with regard to forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation.This complexity revealed itself in three difficulties that the community has had to overcome:Firstly,due to the unique and original way of living,cultural habitus,and mode of thinking of the people in the relocated communities of Amei Qituo,it was difficult for them to adapt to modern urban life;secondly,how to properly deal with the commonality and differences of various ethnic groups has been a problem that the multi-ethnic community has had to face;thirdly,local residents living in scenic spots sensed their life and culture were disturbed by tourists and therefore were psychologically unable to adapt to the situation.In dealing with these problems,the Amei Qituo town community combined its own advantages and characteristics and additionally gained valuable experience for later reference.The reason why these empirical processes have been effective is that there are some science,logic,and principles to them.This article furthermore provides an analysis of the practical logic of Amei Qituo town as follows:1)Findings demonstrate that in the process of construction and development,the town has been attaching importance to both top-level design and grass-roots implementation.Grassroots party organizations have played an important role in helping community residents adapt to urban life.These have laid a solid political foundation for the town to forge a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation.2)When it comes to the process of construction and development,the relief mode of poverty alleviation through has been transformed into a“poverty alleviation through relocation+”model.Through measures such as growing income,improving quality of life,providing employment,building markets,ensuring equity,strengthening infrastructure construction,and promoting resource sharing,local people's sense of happiness and identity have been enhanced.These indeed have created favorable material conditions for the community masses to forge a strong sense of Chinese national community.3)From the points enlisted above,it seems obvious that in the course of construction and development,the forces of all sectors of society have been made good use of,and the adjustment function of society has been given full play.Gradually the mutual embedding of space and emotions has been realized in the middle of co-living and co-learning,co-building and sharing,and working together and enjoying each other,hereby providing a good social environment for forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation.