基于风洞试验的桥梁行车安全分析研究

Analysis and Study of Bridge Traffic Safety based on Wind Tunnel Test

强风环境下桥上行驶车辆受风荷载影响发生侧翻、侧滑、横摆、剧烈晃动等事件频繁发生,严重影响车辆行驶的安全性、舒适性和通行效率。车辆气动力特性参数是影响行车安全的直接因素和重要指标,已有学者针对性地开展了研究工作。然而,既有研究成果主要以地面车辆和大跨度桥上车辆的气动力特性为主,少有文献考虑常规跨度桥梁及其附属结构对桥上车辆气动力特性的影响。因此,以某山区高墩组合梁桥和桥上厢式货车为研究对象,设计制作几何缩尺比为1∶15的桥梁和车辆刚性测压模型,开展系列风洞试验,研究车桥组合典型工况下厢式货车的气动力系数,并分析行车位置对车辆气动力特性及行车安全的影响,基于准静态理论和静力分析方法判断车辆侧翻和侧滑的临界风速。

Under the strong wind environment,the vehicles running on bridges are prone to occur safety accidents,such as rollover,side slip,yaw,strong vibration etc,which severely affect the safety,comfort and traffic efficiency of vehicles.The aerodynamic parameters of vehicles are important factors and indexes that affect the running safety,and there is already pertinent studies in view of the aerodynamic parameters of vehicles.Most of previous studies focused on the vehicles on roads or long-span bridges,few of them investigated these vehicles on normal bridges and the auxiliary structures of bridges on the aerodynamic parameters of vehicles.In the present study,the aerodynamic characteristics of a van on a composite girder bridge are tested in a wind tunnel.The scale ratio of both vehicle and bridge models is set as 1:15.The effects of yaw angle and lane location on the aerodynamic parameters of the van are studied.The critical wind speeds for rollover and side slip of the van is calculated using quasi-static theory and static analysis method.