政策转移视角下博洛尼亚进程在非洲的传播:动因、路径与效果

Dissemination of the Bologna Process in Africa from the Perspective of Policy Transfer:Motivations,Approaches and Impacts

博洛尼亚进程是21世纪以来最具代表性、影响范围最广的政策转移实践,对全球诸多区域和国家都产生了深远的影响。博洛尼亚进程在非洲的传播是“胁迫转移”和“自愿借鉴”的产物,其中也蕴含着欧盟扩散欧洲教育发展经验、提升国际影响力的诉求和目标。博洛尼亚进程在非洲的传播涉及技术性运行机制、工具、标准和规则等显性的内容,也涉及价值观念等隐性的内容。博洛尼亚进程在非洲的传播采取直接传播、间接效仿、中介传递“三维一体”的传播路径,实现输出方主导、输入方主动和第三方推介的有机融合。博洛尼亚进程引发非洲区域、次区域和国家在教育政策、制度和实践方面的变革与转型,但在一定程度上还存在着政策水土不服、政策失灵的问题与挑战。

The Bologna Process is the most representative policy transfer practice with the widest impact since the 21st century,and has had a deep impact on other regions and many countries in the world.The dissemination of the Bologna Process in Africa is the product of"coercive transfer"and"voluntary borrowing",which is also in line with EU's demands and goals of spreading European education development experience and enhancing its international influence.Dissemination of the Bologna Process involves not only explicit educational systems and educational operating mechanisms,but also implicit values.The dissemination of the Bologna Process in Africa has adopted a"three-dimensional integration"approach of direct dissemination,indirect imitation,and intermediary transmission,realizing the organic integration of the exporter's leadership,the importer's initiative,and third-party promotion.The Bologna Process has triggered changes and transformations in education policies,systems and practices in African regions,sub-regions and countries.But to a certain extent,there are problems and challenges of policies feasibility and policy transfer failures.