上海市公共汽电车票制票价优化对策

Fare Optimization Strategies for Bus and Trolleybus Services in Shanghai

大城市公共汽电车运营普遍面临低票价、高补贴的财务困境。通过分析不同类型公共汽电车线路的运营特征,探寻超大城市公共汽电车票制票价优化的突破口。以上海市国有公共汽电车企业运营的线路为例,筛选影响票制票价调整的指标并进行重要性排序。分析不同类型公共汽电车线路的平均乘距、线路长度、客运强度、日均运营里程等指标,研判不同票制结构下公共汽电车线路的运营特征。根据公共汽电车线路类型和功能定位提出两种角度的票制票价优化策略,建议基于乘客出行费用与运输服务成本之间的合理比价关系构建政府、企业、乘客三方合理共担的票价机制,同时提出应配套多样化的票价优惠措施实现完整的票制票价优化过程。

The operation of bus and trolleybus in large cities generally faces financial difficulties due to low fare prices and high subsidies.This paper aims to explore the breakthrough points for optimizing the fare system of bus and trolleybus in megacities,by analyzing the operational characteristics of different types of bus and trolleybus routes.Taking the routes operated by state-owned enterprises in Shanghai as an example,the indicators that affect the adjustment of fares are selected and ranked in importance.The paper analyzes the average passenger distance,route length,passenger intensity,and daily operational mileage,and then estimates the operational characteristics of varied types of routes under different fare systems.Based on route types and functional positioning of bus and trolleybus routes,two fare optimization strategies are proposed.It is suggested to establish a reasonable fare-sharing mechanism among the government,enterprises,and passengers based on the fare relationship between passenger travel costs and transportation service costs.At the same time,it is suggested to promote a complete fare optimization process by supporting diversified fare preferential measures.