菌解小分子鱼肽肥对毛竹鞭笋生长及竹林土壤生态的影响

Effects of Microbial Decomposed Small Molecule Fish Peptide Fertilizer on the Growth of Moso Bamboo Shoots and Bamboo Forest Soil Ecology

毛竹林经营过程中为提高鞭笋产量而重施化肥造成竹林生态退化和竹笋品质降低,引进菌解小分子鱼肽肥,通过研究不同肥料配施方式对毛竹鞭笋产量及竹林土壤生态因子的影响,探明菌解小分子鱼肽肥对毛竹生理生态的作用机制。以相同经营现状的毛竹笋用林为研究对象,设置4个肥料配施处理(CK为750 kg·hm^(-2)复合肥、T1为375 kg·hm^(-2)复合肥、T2为“375 kg·hm^(-2)复合肥+150 kg·hm^(-2)菌解小分子鱼肽肥”、T3为“375 kg·hm^(-2)复合肥+300 kg·hm^(-2)菌解小分子鱼肽肥”)进行施肥,于鞭笋笋期统计鞭笋产量,测定土壤养分元素质量分数、土壤酶活性、叶片叶绿素以及叶片养分元素质量分数等指标,分析各指标在不同施肥处理之间的差异显著性和不同指标之间的相关性。结果表明:与750 kg·hm^(-2)复合肥处理相比,“375 kg·hm^(-2)复合肥+150 kg·hm^(-2)菌解小分子鱼肽肥”和“375 kg·hm^(-2)复合肥+300 kg·hm^(-2)菌解小分子鱼肽肥”处理时的鞭笋产量分别提高39.39%、29.09%。比较于750 kg·hm^(-2)复合肥处理和375 kg·hm^(-2)复合肥处理,“375 kg·hm^(-2)复合肥+150 kg·hm^(-2)菌解小分子鱼肽肥”处理显著提高了土壤p H以及有机碳、全氮、全钾、水解性氮、速效钾等土壤养分元素质量分数,显著提升了土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、酸性磷酸酶活性,同时增加了叶片叶绿素以及碳、氮、钾等元素质量分数。相关性分析结果表明:鞭笋产量与土壤p H、有机碳、全氮、水解性氮、全钾、速效钾质量分数、蔗糖酶活性以及竹叶叶绿素、有机碳、氮、钾质量分数呈极显著正相关。菌解小分子鱼肽肥和复合肥合理配施可通过提高土壤肥力和土壤酶活性,促进毛竹养分元素吸收,从而提高鞭笋产量,减少化肥施用量。

During the management process of moso bamboo forests,excessive application of chemical fertilizers to increase the yield of bamboo shoots has led to ecological degradation and decreased quality of bamboo shoots.In order to address this issue,fish peptide fertilizer was introduced to study the effects of different fertilizer application methods on the yield of bamboo shoots and soil ecological factors in moso bamboo forests,and to explore the mechanism of action of fish peptide fertilizer on the physiological ecology of moso bamboo.A study was conducted on moso bamboo forests with the same management status,with four fertilizer application treatments(CK:750 kg·hm^(-2) compound fertilizer,T1:375 kg·hm^(-2) compound fertilizer,T2:375 kg·hm^(-2) compound fertilizer+150 kg·hm^(-2) fish peptide fertilizer,T3:375 kg·hm^(-2) compound fertilizer+300 kg·hm^(-2) fish peptide fertilizer).Bamboo shoot yield was recorded during the shoot period,and soil nutrient element content,soil enzyme activity,leaf chlorophyll content,and leaf nutrient element content were measured to analyze the differences in various indicators among different fertilizer treatments and the correlations between different indicators.The results showed that compared to CK,the yield of bamboo shoots per acre increased by 39.39%and 29.09%in T2 and T3 treatments,respectively.Compared to CK and T1 treatments,T2 treatment significantly increased the soil pH,the content of organic carbon,total nitrogen,total potassium,hydrolysable nitrogen,and available potassium,significantly improved the activities of soil urease,sucrase,and acid phosphatase,and increased the content of leaf chlorophyll and carbon,nitrogen,and potassium elements.The correlation analysis results showed that the yield of bamboo shoots is significantly positively correlated with the pH,soil organic carbon,total nitrogen,hydrolysable nitrogen,total potassium,available potassium,sucrase activity,and the content of leaf chlorophyll,organic carbon,nitrogen,potassium.Rational application of microbial small molecule fish peptide fertilizer and compound fertilizer can improve soil fertility and enzyme activity,promote the absorption of bamboo nutrient elements,thereby increasing the yield of bamboo shoots and reducing the amount of chemical fertilizer applied.