喀斯特地区鸟类传播种子及其食源植物间的相互关系

The Mutual Relationship Between Bird Dispersal Seed and Their Food Source Plants in Karst Regions

以贵州普定喀斯特生态系统观测研究站为研究区域,观察鸟类物种并收集鸟粪,分离粪便内残渣中保留完整的种子,同时以去除果肉(皮)的种子、未经处理种子为对照进行萌发试验,分析食果鸟与食源植物间的相互关系。结果表明:经消化道后的鸟粪含种率为79.90%,含种数最多时为104粒,含种种类约为每份1~5种,其中,每份含1、2种种子的数量占比分别为63.40%、28.17%。经消化道的种子萌发率为22.22%,其与去除果肉(皮)的种子萌发率无显著差异,但显著高于未处理种子的萌发率。食果鸟粪便内共鉴定出食源植物5目10科11种,其物种果实主要以聚花果为主。取食多样性高的鸟类为黄臀鹎(Pycnonotus xanthorrhous)及领雀嘴鹎(Spizixos semitorques)。不同月份食果鸟取食食源植物的数量有明显差异(P<0.05),取食高峰期为8—11月份。不同生境间食果鸟及食源植物也存在一定差异。食源植物为鸟类提供食物,而鸟类取食活动扩大了植物的传播距离,且经鸟类消化道的种子萌发率更高。

The study area was the Pu’ding Karst Ecological Observation and Research Station in Guizhou,China.Bird species were observed and bird droppings were collected to isolate intact seeds from the residue in the droppings.Germination experiments were conducted on seeds with fruit pulp removed as well as untreated seeds as controls,to analyze the mutual relationship between frugivorous birds and their food source plants.The results showed that the seed content rate in bird droppings through the digestive tract was 79.90%,with a maximum of 104 seeds per sample and approximately 1-5 species per serving,with 63.40%containing 1 species and 28.17%containing 2 species.The germination rate of seeds through the digestive tract was 22.22%,which was not significantly different from the germination rate of seeds with fruit pulp removed,but significantly higher than untreated seeds.A total of 11 species from 10 families and 5 orders of food source plants were identified in the bird droppings,with a predominance of multiple fruits.The Pycnonotus xanthorrhous and the Spizixos semitorques were the bird species with high dietary diversity.The number of frugivorous birds feeding on their food source plants varies significantly in different months(P<0.05),with a peak feeding period from August to November.There were also certain differences in the consumption of food source plants by frugivorous birds in different habitats.Food plants provide food for birds,while bird feeding activities expand the dispersal distance of plants,with the germination rate of seeds passing through bird digestive tracts was higher.