语体视角下现代汉语“未”类否定凸显研究

On the prominence of wei(未)in modern Chinese from the perspective of registers

学界一般认为现代汉语最常用的否定副词是“不”和“没(有)”。否定词“未”使用频率很低,古汉语使用“未”的地方在现代汉语中往往被“没(有)”替换。本文基于语体视角,认为不同语体的情况并不相同。现代法律语体和审计语体“未”类使用凸显,使用频率超过否定副词“没(有)”。“未”类否定在法律语体和审计语体凸显,是语体功能驱动和“未”类特征适应,双方互动共同塑造的语法现象。

It is generally believed that the most common negative adverbs in modern Chinese are bu(不)and mei(没)/meiyou(没有).The negative marker wei(未)has a low frequency of use and most of its functions in Classical Chinese have been taken over by mei/meiyou.However,wei is still prominent in legal registers and audit reports with a higher frequency of use than that of mei/meiyou.This is motivated by register and the linguistic properties of wei.