夏热冬冷地区农村住宅适应性表皮设计策略与热性能提升实证研究

Empirical Study on Adaptive Building Skin Design Strategies and Thermal Performance Improvement of Rural Residences in Hot Summer and Cold Winter Regions

夏热冬冷地区农村住宅室内热物理环境恶劣,集成自然低品位能源的适应性建筑表皮的设计及应用在提升围护结构热性能、改善室内环境方面具有重要潜力。为此,本文提出了1种整合太阳能、地道风、重质蓄热墙为一体的动态适应性表皮形式,并在某住宅中进行示范应用。研究通过冬季、夏季的热物理环境测试及数据的客观定量对比分析,论证该设计策略对于表皮热工性能的提升效果。研究发现:新型适应性表皮能同时兼顾冬季保温及夏季隔热需求。冬季南北墙封闭空气夹层温度比室外空气温度分别平均提升5.31℃、4.21℃,最大提升幅度10.29℃;开启太阳能集热模块的房间比未开启集热模块的房间高4.04℃,比当地未采取任何保温节能措施的房间高6.53℃。夏季流动空气夹层温度比封闭夹层空气温度最大降低2℃,对应的墙体内壁面温度最大降低0.55℃;墙体通入地道风的房间比无地道风房间全天温度低1.56~2.55℃。

The indoor thermal physical environment of rural residential buildings in hot summer and cold winter regions is poor,while the design and application of adaptive building skin integrated with natural low-grade energy have important potential in enhancing the thermal performance of building envelope and improving the indoor environment.In this paper,a dynamic adaptive skin form integrating solar energy,tunnel air,and heavy heat storage wall was proposed and demonstrated in a residential building.Through the thermal physical environment test in winter and summer and the objective quantitative comparative analysis of the data,the paper discussed the effect of the design strategies on the improvement of the thermal performance of the skin.The results show that the new adaptive skin can improve heat insulation performance in winter and summer at the same time.In winter,the average temperature of the enclosed air layer between the north and south wall is 5.31℃and 4.21℃higher than that of outdoor air,respectively.And the maximum increase is 10.29℃.The temperature of the room with the solar collector on is 4.04℃higher than that without the collector.At the same time,its temperature is 6.53℃higher than that of the local conventional housing.In summer,the temperature of the circulating air layer decreases by 2℃compared with that of the enclosed air layer,and the corresponding inner wall temperature decreases by 0.55℃.The temperature of the room with tunnel air is 1.56~2.55℃lower than that without tunnel air.