遵义市某工业园区地下水污染现状及方式

Current status and pollution mechanisms of groundwater pollutionin an industrial park in Zunyi City

为了解遵义市某工业园区地下水系统污染现状,分别于丰、枯水期对工业园区地下水系统进行采样分析,以《地下水质量标准》(GB/T14848-2017)Ⅲ类限值标准对地下水质量等级进行评价。结果表明,园区地下水质量等级以Ⅳ类或V类为主;同时地下水系统水质存在季节变化特征,丰水期水质要优于枯水期,受污染地下水点位主要分布于中下游,多位于地下水子系统径流-排泄区。从地下水子系统角度来看,在丰、枯水期,子系统(Ⅱ)水质均要优于子系统(Ⅰ),子系统(Ⅰ)特征污染指标以SO_(4)^(2-)、Mn^(2+)、NH_(4)^(+)、NO_(3)^(-)、Se为主,子系统(Ⅱ)特征污染指标以NO_(3)^(-)为主,子系统(Ⅱ)污染程度要明显低于子系统(Ⅰ)。通过对园区及周边各类污染源分析调查,发现其污染园区地下水方式主要有天窗快速灌入型、消水洞快速灌入型、竖井高压渗透污染型、地表缓慢入渗型,且园区规模大小不一的工业废渣堆放场是污染园区地下水水质的主要原因。

In order to understand the current status of groundwater pollution in an industrial park in Zunyi City,groundwater samples in the park′s underground water system were collected and analyzed during both wet and dry seasons.The evaluation of groundwater quality was conducted based on the ClassⅢlimits of the“Groundwater Quality Standards”(GB/T14848-2017).The results indicate that the groundwater quality in the park is predominantly ClassⅣor Class V.Additionally,there are seasonal variations in groundwater quality,with better quality during the wet season compared to the dry season.Polluted groundwater locations are mainly distributed in the middle and lower reaches of the park,often within the groundwater subsystems'runoff and discharge zones.From the perspective of groundwater subsystems,during both wet and dry seasons,the water quality of Subsystem(Ⅱ)is generally better than that of Subsystem(Ⅰ).The characteristic pollution indicators in Subsystem(I)include SO_(4)^(2-)、Mn^(2+)、NH_(4)^(+)、NO_(3)^(-)、and Se,while Subsystem(II)is primarily affected by NO_(3)^(-),with significantly lower pollution levels than Subsystem(Ⅰ).Through an analysis of various pollution sources in the park and its surroundings,it was found that the main modes of groundwater pollution in the park include rapid infiltration through sinkholes,rapid infiltration through swallowholes,high-pressure percolation pollution through vertical wells,and slow surface infiltration.Additionally,industrial waste dumping sites of varying sizes within the park are identified as the primary reasons for groundwater quality deterioration.