列宁对俄国革命模式的探索与总结

Lenin's Exploration and Analysis of Russian Revolutionary Paradigm

列宁灵活运用马克思主义理论指导俄国革命,形成了其关于俄国革命模式的总结,用俄国生动的实践丰富发展了马克思主义。在列宁的总结中,无产阶级领导权是俄国革命成功的关键。列宁认为,无产阶级对革命的领导权不仅是实现俄国资产阶级民主革命胜利的必要条件,而且是通往社会主义的必由之路。对此,列宁从可能性、必要性准备、可行性措施等三个方面予以论证。列宁首先通过对俄国革命性质的界定、对社会各阶级的透彻分析来确定无产阶级的民主革命领导权。关于实现领导权的必要性,列宁强调,无产阶级在民主革命阶段就要培养革命领导权意识,民主革命阶段不能忘却社会主义革命任务。关于实现领导权的可行性措施,列宁指出,首先要坚持布尔什维克式党的领导,政权方面要不失时机地由工农民主专政走向无产阶级专政的苏维埃,还要有灵活的革命战略和策略。

Lenin flexibly employed Marxist theories to guide Russian revolution and formulated his own analysis of Russian revolutionary paradigm,which enriched and developed Marxism with Russian practices.In his analysis,Lenin highlighted the proletarian leadership to the final success of Russian revolution.Lenin argued that proletarian leadership was not the necessary condition to the victory of Russian democratic revolution,but it also was the only path to socialism.He then expounded this idea from three angles such as probability,necessity,and availability.For probability,Lenin identified the nature of Russian revolution and different roles of social classes.For necessity,Lenin highlighted that during the democratic revolution period the proletariat should start to cultivate the leadership consciousness.For availability,Lenin argued that there should not only be Bolshevism leadership but there should also be flexible tacist and strategy to promote worker-peasant democratic dictatorship to proletarian dictatorship.