日本海洋测绘的近代化历程

The Modernity of Marine Charting in Japan

公元1500年后,随着地理大发现和西方对外殖民扩张,人类在海洋中的活动越来越频繁。海洋航行、海洋资源开发和海洋港口贸易不断增加,人类对于海洋知识需求量大增,迫切需要精确的海图指导海洋航行,多个国家相继成立海洋测绘和航路部门,海洋测绘理论与技术也随之不断发展,不断提升。

The introduction of Dutch studies in the Edo period have cast light on Japanese surveying and charting technology,while the long-term secret inheritance model of family and Teacher has made the development of Japanese surveying and charting technology relatively lagging behind.At the beginning of the 19th century,Tadataka Ino carried out surveys across Japan and compiled the“Comprehensive Map of the Coastal Geography of Great Japan”,which became the beginning of the modernization of field surveys in Japan.The lifting of the ban on Western learning and the initiative to learn from the West at the end of the Edo Shogunate laid the foundation for modern Japanese marine knowledge.After the Meiji Restoration,Japan comprehensively learned Western studies through translation,adaptation,and compliationg of new marine charting books,introduced and improved surveying tools,and unified and improved the charting form.Through abundant marine charting and gradual innovations technology,the modernization of marine charting in Japan has been realized,and the modern marine charting system in Japan has been established,and frequent exchanges and interactions with western developed countries are maintained.