事实无人抚养儿童家庭关爱服务的社会生态构成研究——以上海市“邻家妈妈”项目为例

Analysis on the Social Ecological Structure of Care Services for De Facto Unattended Children Families-A Case Study of the“Mother Next Door”Project in Shanghai

多元社会力量参与事实无人抚养儿童社会心理服务的必要性日渐凸显并已成为趋势。本研究结合文本分析、半结构化访谈和焦点小组,以上海市“邻家妈妈”项目为分析案例,对24位相关工作人员展开访谈、从6次焦点小组中收集各区妇联推进项目的实践经验,并借助生态位理论框架梳理上海市事实无人抚养儿童家庭关爱服务的社会生态系统构成。研究发现三条生态链主线相互作用并介入事实无人抚养儿童的家庭关爱保护工作:民政部门主要通过政策制定和资源配置的方式来统管福利传递;群团组织借助其“官民二重属性”的桥梁链接优势开展事实无人抚养儿童家庭关爱服务的组织与输送;专业社会组织则通过承接政府和群团组织购买服务成为专业核心力量,是直接提供社会心理关爱服务的主体,具备专业性、灵活性和资源链接能力。本研究从积极培育专业儿童服务社会组织、向家庭关爱服务生态系统中注入助人自助价值理念等方面提出社会心理服务输送的优化路径,以有效增进事实无人抚养儿童及其家庭的福祉。

The need for multiple social forces to participate in the social psychological services of de facto unattended children is increasingly prominent and has become a trend.This study combined with context analysis semi-structured interview and focus group to Shanghai“mother next door”project case analysis to 24 related staff interview collected from six focus group district women’s practical experience of the project and with the help of ecological niche theory framework combing Shanghai no one raising children family care service of the social ecological system.The study shows that the main lines of three ecological chains interact and intervene in the family care and protection of de facto unattended children the civil affairs department mainly manages the welfare transport through policy formulation and resource allocation;the mass organizations with the advantage of“half officials and half people”;the professional social organizations become the professional core force by undertaking the purchase services of the government and mass organizations and are the main body that directly provides the social psychological care service with the professional flexibility and resource linking ability.Finally this study proposes the optimisation path of social-psychological service provision from the aspects of actively cultivating professional child welfare social organizations and injecting the value concept of“helping people to help themselves”into the family welfare service ecosystem so as to effectively improve the well-being of de facto unattended children and their families.