累积效应视角下家庭和学校发展资源与留守儿童心理弹性的关系模式

The Cumulative Effects of Family and School Developmental Assets in Improving the Resilience of Left-Behind Children and Its Patterns

基于生态系统论和累积效应模型,本研究通过分析2710名留守儿童数据,考察了分别来自家庭和学校的累积发展资源与留守儿童心理弹性的关系模式。结果表明:(1)发展资源的各个因子与心理弹性均显著相关,累积效应对于心理弹性的作用大于单一因子的作用;(2)累积家庭发展资源显著正向预测留守儿童的心理弹性,并且呈现“非线性正加速模式”,即家庭资源间存在相互推动,家庭资源数量越多,留守儿童心理弹性增长速度越快;(3)累积学校发展资源显著正向预测心理弹性的发展,并且呈现“线性梯度关系”,即每增加一个学校资源,心理弹性会相应地增长一个单位;(4)对于心理弹性的发展而言,累积家庭发展资源与累积学校发展资源间交互作用不显著,即累积学校发展资源无法对留守儿童早期家庭资源的缺失起到“补偿作用”,家庭发展资源与学校发展资源对于留守儿童心理弹性的培养都是必不可少的早期资源。

Based on the ecological system theory and the cumulative effect model this study examined the effect of cumulative development assets from fami-ly and school on the resilience of left-behind children and its underlying mechanisms by analyzing the national data of 2710 left-behind children.The results showed that (1)Each factor of early development assets was significantly correlated with resilience and the effect of cumulative developmental assets on resilience was greater than that of a single factor;(2)The cumulative family development assets positively predicted the resilience of left-behind children by way of a“nonlinear positive acceleration model”;(3)The cumulative school development assets significantly positively predict the resilience of left-behind children by way of a“linear gradient model”;(4)The interaction between cumulative family development assets and cumulative school development assets was not significant for resilience which means that the cumulative school development assets could not play a compensatory effect for the lack of early family assets of left-behind children.Both family development assets and school development assets were essential resources for the cultivation of resilience of left-behind children.