论埃及古王国王室丧葬祭司管理与王权强化

A Study of the Funeral Priests of the Kings in the Old Kingdom in Egypt

王室丧葬祭司服务于王室葬祭庙,是古代埃及祭司群体的重要组成部分。目前,国内外学界对埃及古王国王室葬祭庙的运作方式及其影响的认识仍稍显不足,通过对葬祭庙的主要管理者王室丧葬祭司的研究,可以进一步揭示出王室丧葬祭司群体的管理方式及其与王权强化的关系。例如在古王国时期,王室丧葬祭司通常具有双重身份,他们既为葬祭庙服务,也是中央政府的官员,同时依赖两个机构获得经济收入和社会地位。这种双重身份决定了他们反抗中央的可能性较小,继而限制了兼具经济实力和宗教权威的祭司集团的出现,对于维护王权和国家稳定具有重要影响。因此,对该时期王室丧葬祭司的探讨,可以进一步深化对古代埃及祭司群体的认识,从而有助于探求祭司群体对国家权力结构的影响。

The royal funeral priests served the royal funerary temples and were an im-portant part of the priestly community in ancient Egypt.At present,there is still a slight lack of understanding in both domestic and international scholarship of the way in which the royal funerary temples operated in the ancient kingdom and their impact.A study of the royal funer-ary priests,the main administrators of the funerary temples,can shed further light on the way in which the royal funerary priestly community was managed and its relationship to the strengthening of royal power.The dual role of the royal funeral priests,who served both the funerary temples and the central government,and were dependent on the economic income and social status provided by both institutions,made them less likely to rebel against the central government,which in turn limited the emergence of groups of priests with both eco-nomic power and religious authority,and had an important impact on the maintenance of roy-al power and state stability.An exploration of the royal funerary priests can further deepen the understanding of the priestly community in ancient Egypt and thus help to explore the influ-ence of the priestly community on the power structure of the state.