从竞争到合作:卡塔尔家族政治的演化路径与制度革新

From Competition to Cooperation:The Evolution Path and Institutional Reform of the Family Politics in Qatar

前石油时代,卡塔尔的家族政治呈现分散、离心的特点,家族成员对埃米尔的统治存在“不服从”的心理或状态,埃米尔的地位与其作为家族对外事务“代理人”的身份密切相关。石油时代,巨额能源财富的涌现和现代化进程的启动,导致卡塔尔统治家族内部围绕埃米尔权位的竞争变得更为激烈,家族分裂为不同的对立派系,并最终导致卡塔尔多次政变的发生。面对国内外的复杂环境和多方挑战,卡塔尔致力于法制化、威权化和完善家族内部协商制度的家族政治改革。家族政治的自我革新能力及其作为卡塔尔传统和现代纽带的平衡能力是卡塔尔家族政治能够保持政治生命力的关键原因。

In the Pre-oil era,the family politics in Qatar presented the characteristics of dispersion and centrifugation,and the family members had the psychological or state of“disobedience”to the rule of the Emir,whose status was closely related to his identity as the“agent”of the family’s external affairs.The emergence of vast energy wealth and the start of modernization in the era of oil led to intensified competition within Qatar’s ruling family for the emir’s position,splitting the family into rival factions and eventually leading to numerous coups in Qatar.Facing the complex environment and multi-party challenges at home and a-broad,Qatar is committed to the family political reform of legalization,authoritarianism and improvement of intra-family consultation system.The ability of family politics to reinvent itself and its balance as a link between traditional and modern Qatar is a key reason for the political vitality of Qatari family politics.