中东国家民用核能开发与国际合作探析

Analysis of Civil Nuclear Energy Development and International Cooperation in Middle Eastern Countries

中东国家发展民用核能具有地缘经济与地缘政治的双重目的。在新能源革命与大国战略竞争的驱动下,中东国家寻求能源结构的多元化,满足国内日益增长的电力需求,促进海水淡化,加强核能科学研究,跻身世界“核俱乐部”,打破中东地区核垄断,提升政治大国地位。俄罗斯、美国、韩国、法国、日本等国积极促进民用核能项目出口,推动与中东国家的民用核能合作,竞争中东市场份额,同时形成议题联系,配合与中东国家的全方位合作。民用核能合作丰富了域外国家与中东战略合作的内涵,促进中东国家民用核能开发的技术进步与产业发展,助力中东国家从石油经济到后石油经济的转型,实现“碳中和”目标,但核能项目的实施仍面临诸多挑战。

The development of civil nuclear energy programs in the Middle East coun-tries has dual purposes of geo-economics and geo-politics.Driven by the new energy revolu-tion and the strategic competition in the region,the Middle East countries seek the diversifi-cation of energy structure,meet the growing domestic demand for electricity,promote sea-water desalination,strengthen nuclear energy researches,join the world“nuclear club”,break the nuclear monopoly of Israel and enhance their respective status in power politics.Russia,the United States,Korea,France,Japan and other foreign countries ac-tively promote the export of civil nuclear energy projects,promote civil nuclear energy coop-eration with Middle East countries,compete for market share in the Middle East,form issue linkage and seek all-round cooperation with Middle East countries.Civil nuclear energy coop-eration programs enrich the connotation of strategic cooperation between outside powers and the Middle East,drives the technological progress and industrial development of civil nuclear energy development in the region,and helps Middle East countries transform from oil econo-my to post-oil economy.However,the implementation of nuclear energy projects still faces many hurdles.