“三孩”政策背景下我国乡村生育政策的创新与完善研究

The Research on Innovation and Refinement of Rural Fertility Policies in China Under the Background of the“Three child”Policy

进入新世纪以来,受长期计划生育政策惯性、生育观念转变和大范围人口流动的影响,我国乡村人口呈现出总量快速下降、人口结构恶化、总和生育率下降、新生儿性别比失调等问题。2021年“三孩”政策推出,提出应对我国生育政策进行综合性设计,以顺应我国乡村人口发展的需求。我国现有生育支持政策对于化解乡村生育问题还存在较多不足,需要秉持科学化和统筹城乡理念,抛弃历史包袱和政策惯性,遵循推进政策普惠化和系统化的思路进行政策调整,并不断完善政策执行体系。

Since the turn of the century,influenced by the inertia of the long term family planning policy,shifts in fertility attitudes,and large scale population mobility,the rural population in China has experienced rapid declines in total numbers,deterioration of population structure,and a decline in overall fertility rates,along with an imbalance in the sex ratio of newborns.In 2021,the“Three child”policy was introduced,proposing a comprehensive design for China’s fertility policies to meet the needs of rural population development.Existing fertility support measures in China still fall short in addressing rural fertility issues.It is necessary to adopt a scientific and integrated approach to urban rural development,abandon historical baggage and policy inertia,and follow a proactive and systematic approach to policy adjustments,while continuously improving the policy implementation system.