旅游对老年人退休适应阶段自我负面体验的心理疗愈研究——基于镜像理论

Psychological Healing of Tourism for Elderly People in the Transitional Stage of Retirement:Based on Mirror Theory

文章以镜像重构理论为指导,通过客我和主我分析视角,引入皮电心理生理数据,综合分析了旅游对退休适应阶段老年人自我重构的心理疗愈机制。研究结果表明,在客我认知方面,退休者通过凝视自然景观(梦幻之镜)、文化景观(哲思之镜)和社会秩序(规矩之镜)等大他者之镜唤醒自我,积极拓展自我的生命价值、主体价值与社会价值;同时,退休者通过旅游同伴(怀旧之镜)、旅游地老人(未来之镜)等小他者之镜重新建立自我与社会的联结,转变身体认知局限,形成“心不老就不算老”的自我认知。在主我反应方面,皮电心理生理数据显示,退休者在旅游镜像空间内诱发了精神愉悦感、社交怀旧感以及身体认同感。客我与主我相互协调彼此一致,自我概念由此重构。

Elderly people in the transitional stage of retirement may face major psychological gaps and self-crises.The transformation and reconstruction of self-concept in the tourism space is conducive to individuals overcoming self-crises.This study,therefore,guided by mirror theory and from the perspectives of"and"me",introduces electrophysiological data to comprehensively analyze the selfreconstruction tourism psychological healing mechanism of elderly people in the transitional stage of retirement.The results indicate that,first,in terms of the guest self,"me",retirees can arouse the elderly people's self-awareness by gazing at the great others,ie.natural landscapes(mirror of dreams),cultural landscapes(mirror of philosophy),and social order(mirror of rules)in the tourism mirror space.Additionally they can try to expand their multidimensional self-worth,such as in their life value,subject value,and social value.Meanwhile,retired elderly people have reestablished their connection with society by gazing at the litle others,such as travel companions(mirror of nostalgia)and elderly people in tourist destinations(mirror of the future),thereby transforming the limitations of their own physical cognition and forming a physical self-awareness that,"If the heart is not old,it is not considered old."That is,retirees reconstruct their internal value cognition,self-body cognition,and break their social isolation by gazing in the mirror of the big other(the landscape,culture,and elderly of the tourist destination)and the mirror of the small other(the residents and peers of the tourist destination)in the tourism mirror space.Second,in terms of the main self,"I",skin conductance data show that retirees experience a sense of spiritual pleasure,social nostalgia,and physical identity within the tourism mirror space.Third,the coordination and consistency between the guest self,"me",and the main self,"I",have led to a reconstruction of self-concept.The spiritual self of elderly people in the retirement adaptation stage has shifted from struggling to harmonious,the social self has shifted from isolated to returning,and the physical self has shifted from afraid of aging to willing to accept aging.This study combines traditional interview methods with psychophysiological measurement methods to reveal the psychological mechanism of tourism in the psychological healing of elderly people in the retirement adaptation stage,from the perspective of self-reconstruction.It enriches the theoretical basis and research methods in research on tourism-related psychological healing for elderly people.It also provides a certain guiding value for promoting the implementation of positive aging strategies.