乡村旅游体验场景对心理恢复的作用机制研究——兼论地方依恋的中介作用

Influences of the Rural Tourscape on Tourists'Psychological Recovery:The Mediating Role of Place Attachment

现代社会快节奏的生活严重影响了人们的身心健康,旅游的“疗愈”价值凸显。通过乡村旅游实现恢复和精神家园重构已成为一种趋势,但鲜有研究审视乡村旅游疗愈功效的场景效应。文章提出乡村旅游体验场景概念,基于647份有效问卷,运用结构方程模型实证检验了构成乡村旅游体验场景的自然维度、氛围维度、好客文化维度、体验性活动和农创产品的5个维度与地方依恋对旅游者心理恢复的作用机制。结果表明:1)乡村旅游体验场景5个维度都对心理恢复有着显著的积极影响;2)乡村旅游体验场景的5个维度是地方依恋形成的重要驱动因素;3)地方依恋在乡村旅游体验场景5个维度与心理恢复之间起着部分中介作用。该研究从乡村旅游体验场景视角揭示了心理恢复的形成机制,既拓展了现有的旅游体验场景理论,也为旅游者恢复性效应形成提供了指导性建议。

The pace of life in modern society is becoming increasingly fast;a factor that seriously affects people's physical and mental health.In this context,tourism offers healing value.Rural tourism,giving perceptions of inspiring natural scenery and a carefree and idyllic life,has gradually become an important option for urban residents to return to nature,spend time away from the city,and relieve stress.Returning to nature thus motivates people's demands for rural tourism,and this activity has become a trend for achieving physical recovery and spiritual recovery of the self.The relationship between tourism and health has attracted the attention of many scholars,though few studies have examined the healing effect of rural tourism from a tourscape perspective.This study explores the concept of the rural tourscape,which include natural elements,atmospheric elements,elements of hospitality at destinations,experiential activities,and farming products,based on the theories of scene,experiencescape,and tourscape,and to study the healing value of rural tourism.The study constructs a mediation model in which place attachment is the intermediary variable,based on the theory of the rural tourscape,and empirically examines the mechanism of a rural tourscape with regard to psychological recovery.First,we structured the items of rural tourscape based on a literature review,online comments,and short videos on topics such as tourscapes and rural tourism.To test our conceptual model,we collected data via a field questionnaire survey.We used convenience sampling to collect the questionnaires on-site,with 647 valid questionnaires collected from rural tourist attractions in Xiamen and Changsha.After we used a confidence-validity test of the questionnaire to test the effect mechanism of the rural tourscape on psychological recovery,we used a structural equation model to analyze the data.The results showed that natural elements,atmospheric elements,elements of hospitality at destinations,experiential activities,and farming products all are dimensions of the rural tourscape,and all dimensions of the rural tourscape have a significant positive effect on place attachment and psychological recovery.Additionally,place attachment has a significant positive effect on psychological recovery and plays a partial intermediary role between the five dimensions of rural tourscape and the psychological recovery effect.This research expands and enriches the concept of experiencescape,and reveals the formation mechanism of tourists'psychological recovery from the perspective of environmental elements of rural tourism destinations.The findings not only enrich the existing theories of tourism experience scenes,but also provide targeted suggestions for the formation of the recovery effect of tourists from the perspective of tourism experiencescapes and place attachment.Moreover,the research provides suggestions for constructing the rural tourism experiencescape as viewed from the dimensions of nature,atmosphere,hospitality at destinations,experiential activities,and farming products,based on rurality,to form perceptions of green mountains and clear waters,pastoral scenery,and warm hospitality,highlighting the features of rural products and providing healing venues for urban residents to experience a sense of renewal in their lives.The research,thus,can inform high-quality development of rural tourism that satisfies people's desires for a better quality of life.