航空航天先进结构材料技术现状及发展趋势

Current status and development trend of advanced structural materials technology in aerospace field

先进材料技术是航空航天高新装备的发展先导,是支撑现代工业的关键基础技术,渗透到国防建设、国民经济和社会生活等方方面面,已成为世界各国争相发展的技术高地和国防重点。本文梳理分析航空航天先进结构材料近年来的技术现状及发展趋势,在高性能高分子材料及其复合材料、高温与特种金属结构材料、轻质高强金属及其复合材料、先进结构陶瓷及其复合材料四方面进行重点阐释,明确我国航空航天结构材料的研发与生产仍面临着跟踪研仿多、自主创新少、技术封锁严重、技术瓶颈亟待突破等困境。同时,本文对航空航天结构材料未来研究和发展提出展望,点明建立“产-学-研-用”完整技术体系的重要性。

Advanced materials technology is the forerunner in the development of high-tech aerospace equipment and the key foundational technology supporting the modern industry.It has penetrated into all aspects of national defense construction,national economy and social life,and has become a technological highland and national defense focus that countries all around the world are competing to develop.This article focuses on analyzing the current technological status and development trend of the advanced structural materials in the aerospace field,elaborating on the aspects of high-performance polymer and their composites,hightemperature and special metal structural materials,lightweight high-strength metals and their composites,and advanced structural ceramics and their composites.The analysis results show that the current development and production of aerospace structural materials in China still face various difficulties,such as too much follow-up research and imitation,lack of independent innovation,severe technological blockade,and technical bottlenecks need to be broken.Meanwhile,the prospects for future research and development are proposed,and the significance of establishing the complete technology system of production-learning-researchapplication is highlighted.