常见结构材料低温性能研究进展

Research progress on low-temperature properties of common structural materials

随着深空探测、极地科考、低温贮运等低温领域的快速发展,对低温材料的要求越来越高,低温材料逐渐成为目前国内外的研究热点。本文综述低温钢、铝合金、钛合金、铝基复合材料以及树脂基复合材料等常见结构材料的低温性能,归纳不同晶体结构、合金种类、合金元素等因素对结构材料的低温强度、塑性与韧性等力学性能的影响及低温变形和强韧化机理,介绍不同种类低温结构材料在国内外重要领域的应用,提出了低温材料未来的研究展望。

With the rapid development of low-temperature fields such as deep space exploration,polar scientific research,lowtemperature storage and transportation,the service conditions for low-temperature structural components are becoming increasingly stringent.Therefore,low-temperature materials have gradually become a research hotspot in the world.This article mainly summarizes the low-temperature performance and related mechanisms of common structural materials such as low-temperature steel,aluminum alloy,titanium alloy,aluminum matrix composites and resin matrix composites.The effects of different crystal structures,alloy types,alloying elements and other factors on the mechanical properties of structural materials such as low temperature strength,plasticity and toughness,and the mechanism of low temperature deformation,strengthening and toughening are concluded.The application and prospect of different grades of low-temperature structural materials in different fields at home and abroad are also briefly introduced.The future research prospect of low-temperature materials is put forward.