2011-2021年无锡市梁溪区婴儿死亡因素分析

The Analysis of Infant Mortality Factors From 2011 to 2021 in Liangxi District,Wuxi City

目的:研究无锡市梁溪区2011年至2021年婴儿死亡率变化趋势、主要死因构成情况,为制定干预政策以降低婴儿死亡率提供实践依据。方法:回顾性分析梁溪区2011年至2021年的婴儿死亡资料,通过线性拟合计算婴儿死亡率的年估计百分比(EAPC)变化,分析婴儿死亡率变化趋势,采用卡方检验分析其年龄、危险因素和死因等分布特征。结果:2011-2021年婴儿死亡率和新生儿死亡率的EAPC均无统计学差异,分别为-0.003%(95%CI为-4.78%~4.39%)和-1.784%(95%CI为-7.96%~4.71%);低出生体质量儿死亡发生率大于非低出生体质量儿(χ~2=1326.559,P<0.05);早产儿死亡发生率大于非早产儿(χ~2=909.733,P<0.05)。比较婴儿死亡7个死因在各年龄组别的死亡率,新生儿窒息(χ~2=45.094,P<0.05)、早产低出生体质量(χ~2=9.955,P<0.05)和RDS(χ~2=26.143,P<0.05)在0-6日龄死亡率最高;意外(χ~2=21.900,P<0.05)在28日-11月龄死亡率最高。结论:2011-2021年梁溪区婴儿死亡率稳定在较低水平,死亡率变化趋势平稳;不同年龄组婴儿死因死亡率存在差异。提示应借鉴发达地区或国家经验,结合中国国情,制定降低婴儿死亡的干预措施。

Objectives:This paper studies the trend of infant mortality,the composition of major causes of death in Liangxi District,Wuxi City from 2011 to 2021,so as to provide a practical basis for reducing infant mortality prevention and intervention countermea-sures.Methods:The data of infant mortality in Liangxi District from 2011 to 2021 were retrospectively analyzed.The estimated annual percent change(EAPC)of infant mortality was calculated by linear fitting,and the trend of infant mortality was analyzed.Chi-square test was used to analyze the distribution characteristics of age,gender,risk factors and cause of death.Results:Changes in the EAPC of infant mortality:there was no significant difference in the EAPC of infant mortality and neonatal mortality from 2011 to 2021,which were-0.003%(95%CI:-4.78%-4.39%)and-1.784%(95%CI:-7.96%-4.71%),respectively.Changes in the distribution of infant deaths by different birth weight and different gestational ages:the incidence of death in low birth weight infants was higher than that in non-low birth weight infants(χ^(2)=1326.559,P<0.05).The mortality rate of preterm infants was higher than that of non-preterm infants(χ^(2)=909.733,P<0.05).To compare the proportions of seven causes of death in different age groups,the composition ratios of death caused by asphyxia neonatorum(χ^(2)=45.094,P<0.05),preterm birth with low birth weight(χ^(2)=9.955,P<0.05)and RDS(χ^(2)=26.143,P<0.05)were highest at 0-6 days of age,while the composition ratio of death caused by accidental injury(χ^(2)=21.900,P<0.05)was highest between 28 days and 11 months of ages.Conclusions:From 2011 to 2021,the infant mortality rate in Liangxi District was sta-ble at a low level,and the trend of mortality was stable.There were differences in the proportions of infant deaths in different age groups.It is suggested that we should draw lessons from the experience of developed regions or countries and formulate intervention measures to reduce infant mortality in combination with China's national conditions.