近代粤西广州湾的空间形态演变研究

Study on the Evolution of Spatial Morphology of Guangzhou Bay in Western Guangdong in Modern Time

广州湾(现湛江市)于1899年被强租。早期法国计划在麻斜河口分设东西军营以加强军事控制,并在东岸着重建设麻斜新城与赤坎埠争利,失败后转回西岸发展白雅特城。套用东南亚的管治经验,白雅特城由法国人主导进行政治控制,赤坎埠由华商精英主导进行商业经营,广州湾开始较为稳定发展并演进为双核主体空间结构。白雅特城采用轴线控制的方格网格局以彰显控制权威;赤坎埠因发展时序建成四个组团,空间呈现多元拼贴特征,二者共同建构了湛江历史城区的底图。

Guangzhou Bay was leased in 1899.In the early days,the French colonial government planned to set up east and west military camps at the mouth of Maxie River to strengthen military control,and then focused on developing the east bank and building Maxie New Town to compete with Chikan commercial port.After the operation failed,it turned to the west bank to develop Baiyat City.Applying the governance experience of Southeast Asia,Baiyat City was ruled and controlled by French colonial government,while Chikan commercial port was commercially operated by the Chinese elite,and gradually evolved into a dual-core entity in Guangzhou Bay.Baiyat City adopts a square grid layout controlled by axes to show the official power and prestige to exercise control,while Chikan commercial port has been built into four clusters in accordance with the development of time,and the space presents diversified organizational relationship.Together they construct the foundation for the historical area of Zhanjiang.