“一带一路”倡议下中亚五国中资纺织企业劳工法律风险及对策研究

Research on Legal Risks and Countermeasures of Chinese Textile Enterprises Labeling in Five Central Asian Countries under the Belt and Road Initiative

在中国纺织产业受中美贸易摩擦冲击及疫情期间国际传统纺织市场疲软的背景下,中亚五国作为“一带一路”倡议的重要沿线国家,凭借其丰富的棉纺织资源及廉价的劳动力,成为中国纺织企业转型升级的绝佳出路。但政治、文化及法律制度上的不同,使笼罩于两国差异背景之下的中资纺织企业频频陷入劳工问题陷阱,东道国限制、工会运动较为激烈以及涉及劳工个人的劳动合同、劳动休息权、劳动保护权等劳工风险不断,严重威胁其长远稳定发展。鉴于此,我国纺织业向中亚五国转移切忌一蹴而就。国家层面应完善立法,致力于中国与中亚五国合作共赢的劳工权益保障体系建设;纺织行业协会层面应加强与中亚五国相关协会的交流,充分发挥风险监控、人才培养、争议解决方面的协调整合作用;中资纺织企业自身亦应在客观评估投资环境的基础上,实现投资策略、用工模式及企业社会责任全方位各维度的风险防控。

Against the background of China’s textile industry repeatedly impacted by Sino US trade frictions and the weakness of the international traditional textile market during the epidemic,the five Central Asian countries,as important countries along the Belt and Road initiative,with their rich cotton textile resources and cheap labor,have become the best way for China’s textile enterprises to transform and upgrade.However,due to differences in political,cultural,and legal systems,Chinese textile enterprises,shrouded in the background of differences between the two countries,frequently fall into the trap of labor issues.Host country restrictions,trade union interference,and labor risks such as individual labor contracts,labor rest rights and labor protection rights continue to pose serious threats to their long-term stable development.In view of this,the transfer of China’s textile industry to the five Central Asian countries should not be achieved overnight.At the national level,legislation should be improved and efforts should be made to establish a labor rights protection system for win-win cooperation between China and the five Central Asian countries;At the level of textile industry associations,communication with relevant associations from the five Central Asian countries should be strengthened,and the coordination and integration role in risk monitoring,talent cultivation,and dispute resolution should be fully utilized;Chinese textile enterprises themselves should also achieve comprehensive risk prevention and control in investment strategies,employment models,and corporate social responsibility based on objective evaluation of the investment environment.