政府扶持与战略产业技术追赶:全球商用飞机产业的追赶策略

Government Intervention for Technological Catch-Up in Strategic Industries:Building a Commercial Aircraft Industry

面对西方国家在高端技术领域的不断封锁,中国应该采取何种模式才能实现高新技术产业追赶?对此问题,学界围绕“市场主导”与“政府主导”争论不休。论文结合战略产业技术特征与后发追赶理论,探索追赶策略与技术创新的关系。研究发现:政府扶持模式所具备的行政长期指导与制度网络协调的特征,能够满足战略产业对长期技术积累和技术整合的要求;并且,追赶条件越落后,政府扶持模式对战略产业技术追赶的优势越明显。本文以全球商用飞机产业作为典型案例,通过分析空中客车公司与中国商飞公司的技术追赶历程,展现欧洲政府和中国政府如何通过间接(政策)与直接(国企)扶持手段帮助企业克服技术追赶困难。研究结论表明:发挥政府以及国有体制对战略产业技术追赶的优势,对中国赢得全球技术竞争具有重要的战略意义,也为当下中国探索“新型举国体制”提供实践启示。

Given the high-tech blockades imposed by Western advanced countries,how might China promote indigenous innovations to catch up with those countries in high-tech industries?Scholars continue to debate the relative strengths of the"market-oriented approach"strategy and the'government-led development"strategy.In this paper,the authors incorporate the technological features of one strategic industry and the catch-up theory to explain the relationship between catch-up strategies and technological innovations.Compared with the market-oriented approach,the governmentled model fits the strategic industry better because it requires long-term investment and technical coordination.These requirements more clearly match the two major characteristics of the government-led model:long-term administrative guidance and institutional-network coordination.Such advantages are more significant when conditions are less developed or even backward.The experiences of Airbus and COMAC demonstrate how both European countries and China can take full advantage of industrial policies and state-owned enterprises to help overcome the difficulties at the start-up stage.The advantages of the"government-led development"model are crucial if China is to win the international industrial competition and provide guidance for other Chinese industries to operate in the"New Whole Nation System".