欧盟绿色能源转型政策成效及对中国的启示

Effects of European Union’s green energy transition policies and its implications for China

自2019年12月冯德莱恩担任欧盟委员会主席以来,欧盟把绿色能源转型摆在更加突出的位置,试图从提高绿色转型的目标、尽快摆脱对俄化石能源依赖、护持绿色产业优势三个维度加快能源转型进度。2022年乌克兰危机的爆发成为检视欧盟绿色能源转型成效的重要窗口,随之而来的能源危机表明,作为能源进口方,欧盟在绿色能源领域的开发利用尚未能够有效应对化石燃料断供带来的风险,而且成员国在能源利用形式及产业政策上存在较大分歧,欧盟旨在加快能源转型以实现能源自主、巩固全球气候能源治理领导者地位的目标仍面临挑战。欧盟绿色能源转型对中国的绿色发展具有镜鉴意义,即在转型的过程中仍需保障传统能源的多样化供应,同时应完善相关激励机制及推动绿色合作伙伴关系的发展。

Since von der Leyen took office as President of the European Commission in December 2019,the EU has placed green energy transition in a more prominent position,trying to accelerate the progress of energy transition from such three dimensions as improving the goal of green transition,reducing dependence on Russian fossil energy as soon as possible,and maintaining the advantages of green industry.The outbreak of the Ukraine issue in 2022 has become an important moment to examine the effectiveness of the EU’s green energy transition,and the ensuing energy crisis shows that the EU has not effectively deal with the risks from the supply disruption of fossil fuels in the perspective of development and utilization of green energy as an energy importer.Moreover,member countries have not reach the same on energy use way and industry policies,reflecting the EU still faces the challenges for accelerating the energy transition towards energy independence and consolidating global leadership in climate and energy governance.The EU’s green energy transition also has an enlightening significance for China’s green development,which means there are still needs to ensure a diversified supply of traditional energy in the process of transition and improve the relevant incentive mechanism as well as promote the development of green partnership.