脑血管发育与相关疾病研究进展

The development of cerebral vasculature and related diseases

脑血管网络拥有独特的解剖结构、生理功能和稳态维持机制,有序并高效地维持着大脑正常发育和运转.脑血管网络的形成受到多种分子的调控,如VEGF,NRP-1,TGF-β等.脑血管发育异常或受损将导致多种脑血管疾病和神经退行性病变,如脑动静脉畸形、阿尔茨海默症.尽管多年来大家对各类脑血管疾病的了解日渐完善,但仍有很多疾病的发病机制尚未被完全揭示,因此亟待开发针对这些疾病的更加安全高效的治疗策略.此外,目前聚焦脑血管发育与疾病研究的多种动物模型已成为探索中枢神经系统疾病发病机制与病理、生理特点的重要工具.本文主要综述脑血管发育及其分子调控机制、脑血管疾病以及脑血管疾病研究模型的最新进展,为涉及脑血管的基础和临床研究提供重要参考.

The maintenance of normal brain development and function is attributed to the unique anatomical structure,physiological function,and homeostasis maintenance mechanism of the cerebral vascular network.This network is regulated by various molecules,such as VEGF,NRP1,and TGF-β.Cerebrovascular diseases and neurodegenerative diseases(e.g.,cerebral arteriovenous malformation and Alzheimer’s disease)can occur due to abnormal or impaired cerebrovascular development.The understanding of these diseases has improved in the past decades,but their pathogenesis remains unclear,therefore safer and more effective treatment strategies for these diseases are urgent to be developed.Animal models have become a crucial tool for exploring the pathogenesis and physiological characteristics of central nervous system diseases.This review focuses on the latest progress on cerebrovascular development and its regulation mechanism,cerebrovascular diseases,and cerebrovascular diseases models,which will provide valuable reference for basic and clinical research involving cerebrovascular diseases.