仿生黏弹性高分子水凝胶及其生物医学应用

Biomimetic viscoelastic polymeric hydrogels and their biomedical applications

天然细胞外基质和生物体软组织固有的黏弹性是调控细胞行为和组织修复与再生过程的关键因素.基于动态建构化学反应交联得到的动态高分子水凝胶材料可有效模拟在体细胞或组织的黏弹性力学微环境,为体外调控细胞命运、揭示其力学生物学响应机制提供了重要工具,也为组织修复与再生提供了仿生支架材料.本综述在介绍天然细胞外基质及生物体软组织黏弹性的基础上,重点对仿生黏弹性水凝胶材料的设计思路、性能表征及影响因素等进行了概括和总结,并揭示了黏弹性水凝胶调控细胞、组织行为的规律及机制,最后,分析了目前该领域研究中所存在的问题并对未来发展方向进行了展望.本综述将有助于启发高分子水凝胶的仿生功能化设计思路及材料生物学效应研究,进一步拓展高分子水凝胶材料的生物医学应用.

The intrinsic viscoelasticity of natural extracellular matrix and soft tissues of living organisms is a key factor in regulating cell behavior and tissue repair and regeneration.Dynamic polymeric hydrogels based on cross-linking of dynamic constructs can effectively mimic the viscoelastic mechanical microenvironment of in vivo cells or tissues,providing an important tool to regulate cell fate in vitro and reveal their mechanobiological response mechanisms,as well as providing a biomimetic scaffold material for tissue repair and regeneration.Based on the introduction of natural extracellular matrix and viscoelasticity of biological soft tissues,this review focuses on summarizing the design ideas,performance characterization and influencing factors of dynamic hydrogel materials,revealing the mechanisms of the viscoelastic microenvironment affecting cellular and tissue behavior.Finally,the existing problems in this field are analyzed and the future development direction is prospected.This review will help to inspire the design ideas of biomimetic functionalization of polymer hydrogels and the study of biological effects of materials,and further expand the biomedical applications of polymeric hydrogel materials.