有机-无机肥配施对新疆核桃园土壤和叶片养分的影响

Effects of Combined Application of Organic-Inorganic Fertilizer on Soil and Leaf Nutrients in Walnut Orchards in Xinjiang

[目的]研究有机-无机肥配施对核桃园土壤和叶片养分的影响,筛选影响叶片养分的主要土壤化学因子,为新疆核桃园土壤养分资源高效管理提供科学依据。[方法]以新疆喀什地区叶城县核桃主栽区的10年生‘温185’核桃为研究对象,采用单因素完全随机区组设计,以当地主要的化肥施用类型(磷酸氢二铵和硫酸钾,YD)为对照,探究有机-无机肥配施(矿源黄腐酸钾和中量元素水溶肥,YZ)对核桃园土壤化学特性和叶片矿质元素的影响。[结果]与YD施肥措施相比,YZ处理显著降低了土壤pH、盐离子含量,提高了叶片矿质元素含量,但具有季节性差异。其中,5月,YZ处理显著提高了土壤NO_(3)^(-)-N(460.22%)、AK(46.46%)和叶片N(12.16%)、K(17.46%)、Zn(21.88%)元素含量;7月,YZ处理显著降低了土壤pH(2.21%)、EC(27.25%)、Cl^(-)-S(23.37%)、NH_(4)^(+)-N(61.09%)、AP(30.03%)、Na^(+)(13.24%)和叶片Cl^(-)-L(15.94%)元素含量(p<0.05),相反,显著提高了叶片N(4.16%)、P(13.25%)、Ca(20.73%)、Mg(44.04%)、Na(66.67%)、Fe(24.62%)、Mn(52.47%)、B(31.85%)元素含量(p<0.05);9月,YZ处理显著降低了土壤EC(20.45%)、NH_(4)^(+)-N(37.31%)、AP(21.74%)、Na^(+)(11.36%)含量(p<0.05),相反,显著提高了OM(22.17%)、NO_(3)^(-)-N(59.09%)、AK(56.47%)含量(p<0.05)。线性回归分析结果表明,土壤pH、Na+和Cl^(-)-S是新疆核桃园中影响核桃叶片矿质元素含量的重要土壤化学因子,增施有机肥并且降低土壤pH,有利于叶片N、P、K、Na、Fe、Zn元素的积累。[结论]YD处理提高了土壤EC、Na^(+)、Cl^(-)-S、NH_(4)^(+)-N等盐离子含量,长期施用可能会加剧新疆核桃园的土壤盐渍化水平;YZ处理可显著降低土壤pH、Na^(+)、EC、NH_(4)^(+)-N等盐离子含量,提高了叶片N、P、K、Fe等矿质元素含量,建议在新疆核桃主栽区核桃园,7月之前可通过有机-无机肥配施降低土壤盐渍化水平来减轻盐碱危害,同时平衡叶片矿质元素含量,而应尽量避免长期单一施用化肥。

[Objective]The effects of combined application of organic-inorganic fertilizer on soil and leaf nutrients in walnut orchards were studied,and the main soil chemical factors affecting leaf nutrients were screened,which provides scientific evidence for the efficient management of soil nutrient resources in walnut orchards in Xinjiang.[Method]Based on the 10-year-old walnut'Wen 185'(Juglans regia)at walnut main planting areas in Yecheng County,Kashgar,Xinjiang,a single factor completely random plot design was adopted to explore the chemical properties of soil and leaf mineral elements changes of walnut orchard under organic-inorganic compound fertilizer(Mineral source potassium fulvic acid and medium element water-soluble fertilizer,YZ)with the local conventional fertilization(Diammonium hydrogen phosphate and potassium sulfate,YD).[Results]Compared to YD fertilization measure,YZ treatment significantly reduced soil pH and salt ion content,and increased leaf mineral element content,but there were seasonal differences.In May,the contents of soil NO_(3)^(-)-N,AK and leaves N,K and Zn(460.22%,46.46%,12.16%,17.46%,21.88%,p<0.05)increased significantly under YZ treatment.However,in July,the contents of soil pH,EC,Cl^(-)-S,NH_(4)^(+)-N,AP,Na^(+)and leaf Cl^(-)-L(2.21%,27.25%,23.37%,61.09%,30.03%,13.24%,15.94%,p<0.05)significantly reduced.The content of N,P,Ca,Mg,Na,Fe,Mn and B elements in the leaves increased significantly(4.16%,13.25%,20.73%,44.04%,66.67%,24.62%,52.47%,31.85%,p<0.05).In September,the soil EC,NH_(4)^(+)-N,AP and Na^(+)(20.45%,37.31%,21.74%,11.36%,p<0.05)reduced significantly under YZ treatment,while the contents of OM,NO_(3)^(-)-N and AK were significantly higher than those under YD treatment(22.17%,59.09%,56.47%,p<0.05).The results of linear regression analysis showed that soil pH,Na^(+)and Cl^(-)-S were the important soil chemical factors affecting the content of mineral elements in walnut leaves at walnut orchards in Xinjiang.Increasing the application of organic fertilizer and reducing soil pH were beneficial to the accumulation of N,P,K,Na,Fe,Zn elements in walnut leaves.[Conclusion]The YD treatment increases the salt ion content of soil EC,Na^(+),Cl^(-)-S,NH_(4)^(+)-N,etc.,and long-term application may aggravate the level of soil salinization in walnut orchards in Xinjiang.YZ treatment can significantly reduce soil pH,Na^(+),EC,NH_(4)^(+)-N and other salt ion content,and improve the content of mineral elements such as N,P,K,Fe and other mineral elements.It is recommended that in walnut orchards in the main walnut planting area of Xinjiang,the combined application of organic-inorganic fertilizer can reduce the level of soil salinization to reduce the harm of salinity before July.In addition,balancing the mineral element content of leaves,and avoiding long-term single application of chemical fertilizer as much as possible will be helpful for soil.