角色认同、内部动机、主观锻炼体验与青少年锻炼行为的关系研究

Relationship of the Role Identity,Internal Motivation,Subjective Exercise Experience with Adolescents’Physical Exercise

目的:运用交叉滞后研究设计,探讨青少年角色认同、内部动机、主观锻炼体验与锻炼行为的因果关系。方法:采用《锻炼认同量表》中的角色认同分量表,《因果控制点知觉量表》的内部动机分量表,《主观锻炼体验量表》的积极幸福感和心理困扰分量表,以及《体育活动等级量表》等,对1091名青少年(45.28%男生)进行为期12周、两阶段的纵向问卷调查。结果:对于青少年,角色认同、内部动机、主观锻炼体验和锻炼行为的性别、学段差异显著(各指标男性皆高于女性,初中生皆高于高中生);角色认同、内部动机、主观锻炼体验与锻炼行为皆具有跨时间的稳定正相关;交叉滞后分析显示,角色认同与内部动机、角色认同与锻炼行为分别存在互为因果的关系,且内部动机能够单向预测12周后的锻炼行为和主观锻炼体验,锻炼行为能够单向预测12周后的主观锻炼体验,主观锻炼体验能够单向预测12周后的角色认同。结论:在青少年体育锻炼情境中,角色认同、内部动机、主观锻炼体验和锻炼行为具有性别、学段的非一致性特征;角色认同与内部动机、角色认同与锻炼行为分别存在互促、互抑关系,且内部动机是锻炼行为、主观锻炼体验的原因变量,锻炼行为是主观锻炼体验的原因变量,主观锻炼体验是角色认同的原因变量。

Objective:Used the cross-lagged research design to explore the causal relationship between the role identity,internal motivation,subjective exercise experience and physical exercise behavior for adolescent.Methods:Used the role identity subscale of the Exercise Identity Scale,the internal motivation subscale of Perceived Locus Causality Scale,the subscales of positive well-being and psychological distress of the Subjective Exercise Experience Scale,and the Physical Activity Rating Scale,this paper made a twelve-week,two-stage(Test-1=T1,Test-2=T2)follow-up investigation on 1091 adolescents(45.28% boys;M±SD=14.74±1.921 years).Results:The gender and the leaming phase differences in adolescents'role identity,intemal motivation,subjective exercise experiences,and physical exercise behavior were significant(Male was better than female,and the junior high school student was better than high school student).There were the trans-temporal-stable significant positive correlations between adolescents’role identity,internal motivation,subjective exercise experiences,and physical exercise behavior(P<0.01).The cross-lagged analysis revealed that,for adolescents’physical exercise,the role identity and internal motivation had a mutual causal relationship,and the role identity and exercise behavior had a mutual causal relationship too.Moreover,the intemal motivation could predict the exercise behavior or the subjective exercise experience after twelve weeks in one-way,the exercise behavior could predict the subjective exercise experience after twelve weeks unidirectionally,and the subjective exercise experience could predict the role identity after twelve weeks unidirectionally also.Conclusions:In the context of adolescents'physical exercise,the role identity,interal motivation,subjective exercise experience and the exercise behavior have the gender and the leamning phase differences.The role identity and internal motivation,and the role identity and exercise behavior have mutual promotion and mutual inhibition,respectively.The interal motivation is the cause variable of exercise behavior or subjective exercise experience,and exercise behavior is the cause variable of subjective exercise experience.Furthermore,the subjective exercise experience is the cause variable of role identity.