军队援外任务期间参与实战战伤救治的体会与思考

Experience and Thinking on Participating in Actual War Wound Treatment During the Military Foreign Medical Assistance Mission

目的总结参与实战战伤救治的经验,探索提升终端救治能力的方法及战伤救治训练的新模式。方法依据2021~2022年某军医专家组执行对外医疗援助任务期间参与实战战伤救治工作获得的数据资料和实践经验,总结分析实战战伤救治的特点及需求,并对照我军战伤救治训练现状,查找存在的不足,探索应对措施。结果通过观察和分析提出了实战战伤救治伤员数量远超预期、伤情复杂性远超预期、对医护人员的要求远超预期、伤病员消化与康复周期远超预期、后勤保障难度远超预期5个“超预期”的特点。结合我军战伤救治训练模式及现状,指出我军战伤救治训练的不均衡性问题,阐明实战战伤救治中后方医疗机构终端救治训练的重要性,提出从快速完成平战转换、快速分类收容伤病员、高效完成确定性治疗及快速消化伤病员4个方面入手,建立我军后方医疗机构战伤救治训练新模式。结论实战战伤救治特点对救治能力提出了更高的要求。在持续巩固战现场急救能力的基础上,推行后方医疗机构战伤救治训练新模式,促进终端救治能力提升十分必要。

Objective To summarize the experience of actual war wound treatment,and explore methods to enhance terminal treatment capabilities and new models for war wound treatment training.Methods The characteristics and demands of war wound treatment were summarized and analyzed based on the data and practical experience obtained from the participation of a military medical expert team in the treatment of war wounds during the execution of foreign medical assistance tasks from 2021 to 2022.The characteristics and needs of war injury treatment in actual combat were summarized and analyzed,and the current situation of our military′s war wound treatment training was compared to identify existing shortcomings and explore corresponding measures.Results Through observation and analysis,5"beyond expectations"characteristics of actual war wound treatment were proposed,namely,the number of wounded far exceeded expectations,the complexity of the injury far exceeded expectations,the requirements for medical personnel far exceeded expectations,the digestion and rehabilitation time of the wounded far exceeded expectations and the difficulty of logistics support far exceeded expectations.Combined with the training mode and current situation of our military′s war wound treatment,this paper pointed out the imbalance problems of our military′s war wound treatment training,clarified the importance of terminal treatment training in rear medical institutions in actual war wound treatment and proposed to establish a new model for war wound treatment and training in our military′s rear medical institutions from the following 4 aspects:how to quickly complete the transition from peacetime to wartime,how to quickly classify and accommodate patients,how to efficiently complete deterministic treatment and how to quickly digest patients.Conclusion The characteristics of actual war wound treatment put forward higher requirements for treatment capabilities.On the basis of continuously consolidating the battlefield first aid capabilities,it is necessary to carry forward a new model of war wound treatment training for rear medical institutions and promote the improvement of terminal treatment capabilities.