基于真实世界数据的3种免疫调节药药品不良反应信号挖掘研究

Adverse drug reaction signals mining of three immunomodulatory drugs based on real-world data

目的分析沙利度胺、来那度胺和泊马度胺3种免疫调节药(IMiD)的上市后安全性特征,以期为临床合理用药提供参考。方法用OpenVigil 2.0工具收集2013年第一季度至2022第二季度期间美国食品药品监督管理局(FDA)不良事件报告系统(FAERS)中以上述3种IMiDs为首要怀疑药物的不良事件(ADE)报告数据,按照国际医学术语词典(MedDRA术语)25.0进行映射,对高频度ADE进行分析;根据报告比值比(ROR)法和比例报告比值(PRR)法筛选出药品不良反应(ADR)的有效信号,对高强度信号进行分析。结果在发生频次前20位的ADE方面,3种药物均出现周围神经病、血细胞计数减少、血栓形成、皮肤鳞状细胞癌等ADE,但累及的组织器官系统分布情况不同。在信号强度前20位的ADR中,3种药物均有近半数ADR信号同时属于高频ADE范围,其中3种药物均出现人绒毛膜促性腺激素增加,沙利度胺和来那度胺均出现妊娠试验假阳性、直肠腺癌和结肠腺癌,泊马度胺和来那度胺均出现全血细胞计数减少。结论3种IMiDs的ADE整体分布具有一致性,但具体ADR信号特征存在一定差异。在临床应用时,应予以血细胞减少、周围神经病、血栓以及第二原发恶性肿瘤更多关注。

Objective To analyze the postmarketing safety characteristics of three immunomodulatory drugs(IMiDs)(thalidomide,lenalidomide and pomalidomide)in order to provide reference for clinical rational drug use.Methods The OpenVigil 2.0 tool was used to collect adverse drug event(ADE)reporting data from the U.S.Food and Drug Administration’s(FDA)Adverse Event Reporting System(FAERS)between the first quarter of 2013 and the second quarter of 2022 for three IMiDs as primary suspect drugs.High frequency ADE was analyzed by mapping according to Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities(MedDRA terminology)25.0.The effective signals of adverse drug reactions(ADR)were screened according to the reporting odds ratio(ROR)and proportional reporting ratio(PRR)methods,and the high-intensity signals were analyzed.Results Among the top 20 ADEs,peripheral neuropathy,decreased blood count,thrombosis,skin squamous cell carcinoma and other ADEs occurred in all three drugs,but the distribution of the involved tissues and organs was different.Among the top 20 ADR signals,nearly half of the ADR signals of the 3 drugs were also in the high-frequency ADE range,among which 3 drugs showed increased human chorionic gonadotrophin,thalidomide and lenalidomide showed false positives in pregnancy tests,rectal adenocarcinoma and colorectal adenocarcinoma,and pomalidomide and lenalidomide showed decreased complete blood counts.Conclusion The overall ADE distribution of the three diamines is consistent,but there are some differences in the specific ADR signal characteristics.In clinical application,more attention should be paid to hemocytopenia,peripheral neuropathy,thrombus and second primary malignant tumors.