消失的声音语法:阿甘本的声音政治批评

The Vanishing Sound Grammar:Agamben’s Critique of Sound Politics

声音理论建构尚处草创阶段,须挖掘现有思想资源以应时需。而阿甘本的声音思想可为声音研究提供新的理论视域。作为联结阿甘本前期语言哲学和后期政治哲学的纽带,听觉维度也为我们重返阿甘本提供了新的路标。阿甘本的问题意识在于,德里达虽然解构了声音的在场幻觉,却遗留了一个更隐秘的先验幻象——大音。大音作为声音以及形而上学的语法,以转换机制的形式解决了哲学内部的二元对立。但是,为了完成这种统一,大音所隐含的“划分-连接”功能,就必须在动物语音与人类语言之间设置一个不公平的门槛。这道门槛缺乏合法性依据,却成为制造赤裸语音的绝对标准。在这个人类学装置的控制下,人类声音被微观政治无限征用、改造和塑形,而潜在性地沦为治理的对象。为了中止大音在主体间性的作用,阿甘本从门槛同时作为区分的消解的角度,提出了救赎策略。因而,阿甘本的声音政治批评,旨在揭示隐藏在主体听觉经验背后的声音语法,进而对其进行批判和消解。

The construction of sound theory is still in its initial stage,requiring exploration of existing intellectual resources.Agamben’s insights into sound not only inform sound studies theoretically but also offer a new direction in connecting his early linguistic philosophy with later political philosophy.Agamben’s awareness of the problematics lies in the fact that,despite Derrida’s deconstruction of the present illusion of sound,a more covert transcendental illusion,the Voice,persists.The Voice,as sound and metaphysical grammar,resolves philosophical binary opposition through transformation.Nevertheless,achieving such unification requires that the Voice,endowed with an embedded function of“dividing and connecting,”inevitably establishes an unjust threshold between animal sound and human speech.This threshold lacks legitimacy but evolves into the absolute standard for creating naked phoné.Constrained by this anthropological apparatus,the human voice is endlessly commandeered,transformed and shaped by micropolitics,potentially reduced to a subject of governance.Agamben proposes a redemption strategy from the perspective that the threshold also serves as the resolution to distinctions,hindering the Voice from intersubjectivity.Therefore,Agamben’s critique of sound politics aims to unveil the sound grammar concealed behind the subject’s auditory experience,which is then subject to criticism and dispelling.