从精神习性到符号形式的社会学——论布迪厄对潘诺夫斯基的法文译介和解读

From Mental Habits to the Sociology of Symbolic Forms:An Analysis of Pierre Bourdieu’s French Translation and Interpretation of Erwin Panofsky

艺术史家潘诺夫斯基的图像学理论,具有丰富的社会学基础。社会学家布迪厄受潘诺夫斯基的影响,他借鉴潘诺夫斯基的“精神习性”提出社会学领域的“习性”概念,同时借助乔姆斯基的“转换-生成语法”理论赋予这一概念新的内涵。“习性”的提出标志着布迪厄与结构主义决裂,也使这一概念比“精神习性”具有能动的解释力。在卡西尔符号学思想的影响下,潘诺夫斯基写作了《作为符号形式的透视》,布迪厄也借鉴了该书的思想。同时,布迪厄回顾了符号学史,并建构了以习性、场域和资本形式为主要元素的“符号形式的社会学”。他敏锐地发现了潘诺夫斯基理论中的语言学、符号学和社会学基础,并在此基础上进行推进。但布迪厄对潘诺夫斯基理论的解读既有批判性接受也有误读。

Erwin Panofsky’s theory of iconology has a substantial sociological foundation.Pierre Bourdieu was influenced by Panofsky and borrowed his concept of“mental habits”to propose the concept of“habitus”in the field of sociology,shedding light on Chomsky’s theory of transformational generative grammar to give it more dynamic and explanatory power.The proposition of habitus marks Bourdieu’s departure from structuralism.Bourdieu also drew on Panofsky’s Perspective as Symbolic Form,which was influenced by Cassirer’s semiotics.Meanwhile,Bourdieu reviewed the history of semiotics and constructed the“sociology of symbolic form”which regards habitus,field and capital form as main elements.Bourdieu keenly discovered the linguistic,semiotic,and sociological bases in Panofsky’s theory,and advanced on these bases.However,his interpretation of Panofsky was critically accepted and partially misunderstood.