乡村义务教育质量评价的困境及破解之道

The Dilemma and Solution of Quality Evaluation of Rural Compulsory Education

当前我国乡村义务教育质量评价存在诸多问题。按照由政策到实践的线索分析,可发现国家级教育质量评价政策向区域政策的转化过程与乡村义务教育质量评价问题之间存在内隐性的关联。例如,政策人性化留白落空后的“一刀切”、区域政策机械性解读后的“唯分数论”、政策终端完善机制延迟后的“形式化”等问题。究其原因主要在于乡村义务教育质量评价工作受基层教育主管部门和乡村学校的“向城性”价值取向、“役物化”工作倾向以及“孱弱式”自我发展能力等因素影响。对此,乡村义务教育质量评价工作需要树立面向乡村学生个性发展的动态性评价理念、建立满足乡村学校“小而优”的多样性评价形式、确立弘扬乡村文化的乡土性评价标准,以适应乡村教育特殊性、推动乡村义务教育优质均衡发展。

At present,there are many problems in the quality evaluation of rural compulsory education in China.According to the clue analysis from policy to practice,it finds that there is an implicit correlation between the transformation process of national education quality evaluation policy to regional policy and the quality evaluation of rural compulsory education.For example,The"one-size-fits-all approach"after the failure of humanized policy with blank spaces,the"only score theory"after the mechanical interpretation of regional policies,and the"formalization"after the delay of the policy terminal improvement mechanism.The main reason is that the quality evaluation of rural compulsory education is affected by the"urban orientation"value orientation of grass-roots education authorities and rural schools,the tendency of"service materialization"work and the"weak"self-development ability.In this regard,the quality evaluation of rural compulsory education needs to establish a dynamic evaluation concept for the individual development of rural students,establish a diversified evaluation form that meets the"small and excellent"of rural schools,and establish a local evaluation standard that promotes rural culture,so as to adapt to the particularity of rural education and promote the balanced development of rural compulsory education.