改革开放以来我国高等教育重点建设政策的演变过程和特征

The Evolution Process and Characteristics of China's Higher Education Key Construction Policy since the Reform and Opening-up

改革开放40余年来,我国高等教育重点建设政策走过了由试点初探到大力推进、再到改革优化的演变过程,经历了“重中之重”高校和国家重点学科建设、“211工程”和“985工程”建设、“2011计划”和“双一流”建设等不同形式。本文基于诺斯的制度变迁理论分析发现政策演变呈现以下特征:由外在服务到内在提升的演变任务、由单一主体到协同治理的演变主体、以国家利益和国家发展为动力、以效率优先为演变路径。本文肯定高等教育重点建设政策对高等教育事业做出的贡献,同时也进一步探讨未来如何更为科学有效地推进高等教育重点建设政策变革。

Higher education in our country has always been an important component of national economic and social development.Since the reform and opening up,China's key construction policies of higher education has experienced the evolution process from pilot exploration to vigorous promotion,and then to reform and optimization.It has experienced different forms of"top priority"university construction and national key disciplines construction,"Project 211"and""Project 985"construction,"2011 plan"and"double first-class"construction.Based on the analysis of North's institutional change theory,this paper finds that the policy evolution presents the following characteristics:the evolving task from external service to internal promotion,the evolving subject from a single subject to collaborative governance,the driving force of national interests and national development,and the evolution path of efficiency first.This paper confirms the contribution of the key construction policies of higher education to the cause of higher education,and further discusses how to promote the reform of the key construction policies of higher education more scientifically and effectively in the future.