山东方言中表示地貌特征和地名通名的几个字

Several Words Reflecting the Characteristics of the Geomorphology and Geographical Names in Shandong Dialect

在山东等地方言中,“埠”“垓”“湖”“泊”等字,除了其本义或常用义之外,还可以表示不同的地理地貌特征,并用于地名通名。在鲁东、鲁南方言中,“埠”字主要表示高岗或土丘,并用于当地的村镇名。在鲁西南、鲁西方言中,“垓”可以表示村寨堤围或寨墙,并广泛用于村寨名。在鲁南和鲁东南地区,“湖”可以用来表示平原、田野或田地,亦用于地名。在胶东地区方言中,“泊”同样表示平原、田地的意思,也用于当地的村镇名。在这类常见字中,表示地貌特征、用于地名通名的意义及用法,是大中型语文辞书编写工作中的一个盲点,应引起足够重视。

In Shandong and other dialects,“Bu(埠)”“hai(垓)”“hu(湖)”“po(泊)”and other words,in addition to their original or common meanings,can also represent different geographical features and be used as common names of places.In the dialects of eastern and southern Shandong,the word“bu(埠)”mainly denotes a hill or mound and is used as the name of a local village.In the dialects of southwestern and western Shandong,the word“hai(垓)”can denote the embankment or wall of a village and is widely used as the name of a village.In the dialects of southern and southeastern Shandong,the word“hu(湖)”can be used to reflect a plain,field or land and is also used as a place name.In the dialects of eastern Shandong,the word“po(泊)”also denotes a plain or field and is also used as the name of a local village.In such common words,the meanings and usage of denoting geographical features and being used as common names of places are a blind spot in the compilation of large and medium-sized Chinese dictionaries,which should be paid enough attention to.