《考城隍》《司文郎》本事考辨

A Research on the Original Story of Kao Cheng Huang and Si Wen Lang

蒲松龄《聊斋志异》中的《考城隍》是开宗明义的第一篇,《司文郎》则是思想艺术成就较高的一篇,学者对这两篇小说的情节来源多有考证。叶德均、朱一玄等认为《考城隍》的情节可能源自笔记小说中人死后为神的故事,杨敬民认为《司文郎》中以鼻观文的奇妙构思是受钱谦益“香观说”的启发。但从本事研究的角度看,《考城隍》的创作可能受到民间故事《城隍交代》的影响,而《司文郎》中以鼻观文的情节明显来自一则民间笑话《嘲学浅》。这两篇小说是蒲松龄受民间文学启发创作而成的,这一点对于审视民间文学与古典文学的互动,加强跨学科研究等方面具有重要意义。

The Kao Cheng Huang in Pu Songling's Liaozhai Zhiyi is the first work to clarify the meaning of the book,while Si Wen Lang is the most acco-mplished in ideological and artistic achievements.Scholars have conducted ext-ensive research on the plot sources of these two stories.Ye Dejun,Zhu Yixuan,and others believe that the plot of Kao Cheng Huang may have originated from the story of a person becoming a god after death in literary sketches.Yang Jingmin believes that the wonderful idea of reviewing article through the nose in Si Wen Lang was inspired by Qian Qianyi's XiangGuang Theory.However,from the perspective of source of the story,the creation of Kao Cheng Huang may have been influenced by the folk story Chenghuang Jiaodai,while the plot of Si Wen Lang,which uses a nose to review the article,clearly comes from a folk joke Chao Xue Qian.These two stories were created by Pu Songling inspired by folk literature,which is of great significance for examining the interaction between folk literature and classical literature,and strengthening interdisciplinary research.