电弧增材制造铝合金的“控形”和“控性”技术研究现状

Research Status of Shape Control and Performance Control Technology of Wire Arc Additive Manufactured Aluminum Alloy

电弧增材制造铝合金具有沉积速度快、设备成本低、材料利用率高等优点,受到工业界和学术界的极大关注。但电弧增材制造固有的熔化和凝固特性决定最终材料存在“控形”“控性”的难题。本文从“控形”“控性”两方面对电弧增材制造铝合金的国内外进展进行分析,重点阐述了工艺参数优化、在线处理方式如基板预热、冷轧、熔池在线监测、微铸锻、搅拌摩擦焊等,以及后处理方式,讨论了不同技术的发展现状及趋势,并提出电弧增材制造铝合金“控形”“控性”的发展方向。

Wire arc additive manufacturing(WAAM)aluminum alloy has the advantages of fast deposition speed,low equipment cost and high material utilization rate,which has received great attention from industrial and academic circles.However,the inherent melting and solidification characteristics of arc additive manufacturing determine the problems of shape control and performance control of the materials.The developments in China and foreign were analyzed from the two aspects of"shape control"and"performance control".The process parameters optimization,online processing methods such as substrate preheating,cold rolling,on-line monitoring,micro casting forging,friction stir welding and the post-processing methods were elaborated,the present situation and tendency of different technologies were discussed,and the development direction of shape control and performance control in arc additive manufacturing of aluminum alloy was put forward.