衰弱老年人的人体成分及相关研究进展

Research progress of body composition and related research in the frail elderly people

衰弱是个体应激时依赖性和(或)死亡率增加的临床状态,可能导致失能、失智、跌倒、死亡等不良后果,是一种老年综合征。它是一个动态的过程,个人可在不同状态间转换。人体成分如肌肉、脂肪、水分等会随着疾病的发生、发展而发生动态变化。该文概括了衰弱老年人人体成分具有低肌肉质量、高内脏脂肪量、低相位角等特点,总结人体成分分析对衰弱识别及管理的作用。对老年人进行人体成分分析,评估其与机体状况及临床表现的相关联系,通过调整营养、水分摄入、增加运动、改善生活方式等综合干预,可能使部分衰弱状态逆转,从而提高老年人的生活质量并降低非必需的医疗费用。

Frailty is a clinical condition characterized by individual dependence and/or increased mortality during periods of stress,which can result in adverse outcomes such as disability,dementia,falls and death.It represents a contemporary geriatric syndrome that involves dynamic processes with individuals transitioning between different states.Body composition,including muscle mass,fat distribution,and water content,undergoes dynamic changes in response to the occurrence and progression of diseases.This article provides an overview of body composition characteristics observed in frail elderly individuals,such as reduced muscle mass,elevated visceral fat mass,and decreased phase angle.Additionally,it highlights the role of body composition analysis in identifying and managing frailty.The article suggests that analyzing body composition allows for evaluating the relationship between body composition indices and overall health status or clinical manifestations among older adults.Comprehensive interventions like adjusting nutrient intake and hydration levels while increasing physical activity and improving lifestyle choices may potentially reverse certain aspects of frailty state,thereby enhancing quality of life for older adults while reducing unnecessary medical costs.