国际比较视域下职业健康政策的量化分析及政策建议

International comparison of quantitative analysis of occupational health policies and recommendations

为剖析国际职业健康政策的内容特征,推动我国职业健康事业高质量发展,以中国、美国、日本、澳大利亚、瑞典5国的职业健康政策文本为研究对象,依托政策工具理论及政策一致性(PMC)指数模型,在国际比较视域下开展5国职业健康政策的量化分析,继而提出我国职业健康政策优化建议。结果表明:5国倾向于通过环境型、供给型政策工具塑造职业健康治理的宏观发展环境与人力物力资源,较为忽视需求型政策工具的牵引作用;与其他国家相比,我国在政策性质、政策受体、政策重点与激励约束方面表现出色,在政策效力、政策视角与政策主体方面仍存在一定的发展空间;应当加强对职业健康政策工具配置不均衡问题的重视,对易遭受心理健康危害的人群给予更多的引导与帮扶,考虑劳动者在职业健康治理过程中的复杂性与动态性。

In order to analyze the content characteristics of international occupational health policies and promote the high-quality development of China's occupational health career,the occupational health policy texts of five countries,namely China,the United States,Japan,Australia,and Sweden,were taken as the research object.Relying on theory of policy tools and PMC index model,a quantitative analysis of the occupational health policies of the five countries was conducted under the international comparative perspective,and suggestions for optimizing China's occupational health policies were then put forward.The study shows that the five countries tend to shape the macro-environment and human and material resources of occupational health governance through environmental and supply-side tools and neglect the pulling role of demand-side tools.Compared with other countries,China has an excellent performance in terms of policy nature,policy recipients,policy focus,and incentives and constraints,and there is still some room for development in terms of policy effectiveness,policy perspectives,and policy subjects.Enhanced comprehension of the issue concerning the imbalanced allocation of occupational health policy tools is imperative.In light of the intricate and dynamic characteristics inherent in managing occupational health for workers,the imperative lies in providing enhanced guidance and support,particularly to those susceptible to mental health hazards.