中国地方金融监管体制改革的历史进程与优化进路

The Historical Processof and Optimization Approach to Reforming Local Financial Regulatory System in China

在社会主义市场经济条件下,实施高质量的金融监管是中国经济健康可持续发展的重要秘诀,地方金融监管体制改革则是构建现代化经济体系的基础性、战略性工程。新中国成立以来,我国地方金融监管体制经历了监管与业务混同、地方参与监管、中央单层监管和央地分层监管等阶段。面对地方金融监管权责划分不够明确、加强监管与推动经济发展难以平衡、地方金融监管的法律保障尚不健全等现实困境,新时代新征程的地方金融监管体制改革需要聚焦于建立党对金融工作的统一领导体制、加强地方金融监管领域法治建设、优化地方金融监管部门职责和健全以中央金融管理部门地方派出机构为主的地方金融监管体制,重点解决地方金融委员会办事机构设置、地方金融监管部门非监管职能划转和完善市县两级地方金融监管部门管理体制的问题。

Under the conditions of socialist market economy,implementing high-quality financial regulation is an important guarantee for the healthy and sustainable development of China’s economy.Moreover,the reform of local financial regulatory system is a fundamental and strategic project to build a modern economic system.Since the establishment of the People’s Republic of China,our local financial regulatory system has evolved through several phases in which regulatory functions were intertwined with business operations,followed by local government engagement in regulation,transitioning to a single-layered central oversight model,and ultimately reaching a stage characterized by tiered central-local regulatory collaboration.In the face of such realistic predicaments as unclear division of powers and responsibilities for local financial regulation,difficulty in striking a balance between strengthening regulation and promoting economic development,and inadequate legal protection for local financial regulation,it is necessary for the reform of the local financial regulatory system in the new era and new journey to focus on establishing a centralized and unified leadership system for financial work of the Party,optimizing the responsibilities of local financial regulatory department,clarifying the establishment of local financial committee offices,strengthening the construction of the rule of law in the field of local financial regulation,and improving the local financial regulatory system mainly composed of local dispatched agencies of the central financial management department.