“思想战争武器”:二战时期美国图书运动的兴起

“Weapon of Thought War”:The Rise of the American Book Campaign during World War Ⅱ

战争不但是军事经济力量的较量,而且是思想文化力量的较量。二战初期,面对纳粹德国从国内蔓延至欧洲的焚书运动及其宣传活动给美国制造的战争恐慌与思想攻击,美国通过强化国家认同与性别身份构建进行反击。在这场意识形态之争中,图书成为最理想的武器与装备。在这种理念指引下,美国政府和出版行业共同推动了战时图书运动。这些被送往战场和海外市场的图书不仅成为鼓舞士气、治愈创伤的精神良药,而且无形中传播了美国的价值观,提升了美国文化的影响力,对于推动世界的“美国化”起到了重要作用。

War is not only a contest of military and economic power,but also a contest of ideology and cultural power.At the beginning of World War Ⅱ,in the face of the war panic and ideological attack caused by Nazi Germany’s book-burning movement and its propaganda activities,the United States fought back by strengthening the construction of national identity and the construction of gender identities.In this ideological battle,books became the optimal weapon and equipment.Guided by this philosophy,the U.S.government and the publishing industry worked together to promote the wartime book campaign.Those books sent to the battlefield and overseas markets not only became a spiritual medicine to boost morale and to heal wounds,but also invisibly spread American values,enhanced the influence of American culture,and played an important role in promoting the“Americanization”of the world.