巨噬细胞表型改变在心肌纤维化中的作用和机制研究进展

Progress on the Role and Mechanism of Macrophage Phenotypic Changes in Myocardial Fibrosis

心肌纤维化是多种心血管疾病进程中的关键病理改变,心肌纤维化的发展与炎症反应密切相关,巨噬细胞是炎症反应中的主要参与者。巨噬细胞具有高度可塑性和异质性,在不同微环境的刺激下极化为不同表型,即经典活化M1型和选择活化M2型。在心脏损伤初期,M1型巨噬细胞比例增加,促进炎症反应;随着疾病的进展,M2型巨噬细胞比例升高,发挥抗炎、修复组织及促进纤维化的作用。本研究对巨噬细胞表型改变在心肌纤维化中的作用、机制及相关通路的研究进展进行综述。

Cardiac fibrosis is the key pathological change in the process of many cardiovascular diseases.The development of myocardial fibrosis is closely related to the inflammatory response,and macrophages are the main participants in the inflammatory response.Macrophages are highly plastic and heterogeneous,and polarize into different phenotypes under the stimulation of different microenvironment,namely classic activated M1 type and selective activated M2 type.In the early stages of cardiac injury,the proportion of M1 macrophages significant increases,mediates a strong immune-inflammatory response by releasing large amounts of inflammatory cytokines;As the disease progresses,the proportion of M2 macrophages increases,playing a role in anti-inflammatory,tissue repair,and promoting fibrosis.This paper reviews the origin of macrophages,the phenotypic changes and functional characteristics of macrophages,the role of different phenotypes of macrophages in the occurrence and development of myocardial fibrosis,and the progress of related signaling pathways.