技术密集型产业区域产业链建构路径研究

The Construction Path of Regional Industrial Chainfor Technology-intensive Industries

签署《区域全面经济伙伴关系协定》(RCEP)等自由贸易协定,不仅能够提高成员国间货物、技术、投资、人员往来频率,也可为域内国家技术密集型产业自主发展提供重要机会。然而,构建区域自主产业链存在技术创新资源、全产业链资源、大市场资源开发利用不足,政策及市场资源组织调配能力发挥不充分,各环节价值累积减少等问题。为此,针对技术密集型产业区域产业链建构的关键要素与实现路径,采取案例研究方法,对我国新能源汽车产业东亚地区产业链建构过程进行研究,从创新链、产业链、价值链、企业培育及市场拓展角度分析其形成机制。研究发现,我国新能源汽车区域产业链建构经历基础技术攻关、国内市场及产业链培育、国内外区域产业链及产业集群建立3个阶段;政策、创新链及产业链协同发展,形成政策主导到市场主导、国内创新链到区域协同创新体系、传统产业到区域产业链的全路径。研究可为具有特定产业结构和产品特性的技术密集型产业实现区域产业链建构提供理论框架和实践启示。

In recent years,the division of labor system among countries has evolved from industry division of labor to intra-product division of labor,and finally formed the global industrial chain in which countries rely on their own advantages.However,reverse globalization has damaged the existing global production network and logistics transportation network.In this context,some regional countries plan to accelerate the reconstruction of regional industrial chain by concluding regional trade agreements.In particular,China has signed a series of regional free trade agreements with neighboring countries,including the China-ASEAN Free Trade Area and the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement with Japan,South Korea,Australia,New Zealand and ASEAN(Malaysia,Indonesia,Thailand,Philippines,Singapore,Brunei,Vietnam,Laos,Myanmar and Cambodia),which has helped to reduce the spaghetti bowl effect and the intra-regional trade costs,increase the frequency of trade,technology,and investment exchanges,and provide an important opportunity for member countries to break monopolies and restructure the regional industrial chain.However,since China joined the world trading system,some of China's industries have been influenced by export orientation and usually take a low-end embedded approach to participate in the global industrial chain.In particular,due to the lack of core technologies and brands for some technology-intensive industries,China has been a place of component production and a buyer of advanced products with insufficient experience on how to reconstruct the regional industrial chain.At present,the research on regional industrial chain restructuring mainly focuses on the motives,characteristics and path of regional industrial chain restructuring,mostly from a macro perspective,and rare research sets foot in a specific technology-intensive industry to explore the restructuring mechanism and path.Nowadays,the global industrial chain is changing drastically.China is one of the major economies in East Asia,and it is very important to explore the specific methods of regional industrial chain restructuring for China.Because the NEV industry is highly valued by the government,enterprises and research institutions,this paper aims to analyze its regional industrial chain construction process in East Asia from 2001 to 2022,and it divides the twenty years of development into three stages:the first stage focuses on basic technology research(2001-2006),the second stage stresses the domestic market and the cultivation of domestic industrial chains(2007-2016),and the third stage centers around the establishment of domestic and foreign regional industrial chains and industrial clusters(since 2017 up to now).It then proposes a theoretical framework for the reconstruction of regional industrial chain.The analysis is conducted following the logic of motivation-action-result to study the path of building a regional industrial chain for NEV in China.The research results show that the reconstruction of technology-intensive regional industrial chain is confronted with a number of problems,including a lack of technology,industrial resources,market resources,organizational capacity and value accumulation.To solve the problems,the reconstruction of regional industrial chain needs to consider various factors,such as innovation chain,industrial chain,value chain,industrial clusters and market expansion.First of all,regional countries need to set up a joint institution that regional government officials and technical experts from enterprises take participation in,and hold seminars in a timely manner.Second,enterprises should extend the length of the industrial chain and attract more participants to invest more resources in various links of the chain.Third,regional countries should continuously improve the conditions of free trade agreements and reduce tariff and non-tariff barriers.Finally,the government must continuously improve the industrial standard system and market norms to avoid vicious competition and an absolute monopoly of enterprises,so as to ensure the high-quality development of industries.In summary,this article studies the development process of China's NEV industry from 2001 to 2022,and proposes the way for the reconstruction of regional industrial chain of China's technology-intensive industries.It also conducts research on the process of technology-intensive industries from domestic development to regional industrial chains.The research results can enrich the theory of regional industrial chain reconstruction and provide reference for the related companies.