从问题视角到优势视角:继续教育防止脱贫农户返贫研究的视角转换及其实现

From Problem Perspective to Advantage Perspective:The Perspective Transformation and Implementation of Continuing Education in Preventing Poverty-stricken Farmers from Returning to Poverty

以怎样的视角看待脱贫农户、解释他们的环境与状况,决定着乡村振兴阶段防止返贫的帮扶方案,关系着贫困治理的具体举措。以问题视角分析贫困问题存在明显认识上的局限,缘于“问题”重新解读发展而来的优势视角,更能在贫困治理中唤醒脱贫农户的主体性。在视角转变中,继续教育促进脱贫农户从“帮扶对象”的求助转变为“发展主体”的自救,激励农户用优势视角彻底走出贫穷困境。为进一步巩固脱贫攻坚成果、防止脱贫农户返贫,未来继续教育应基于优势视角,进行群体聚焦以明确主体优势、完善体系建设以挖掘政策优势、开展内容提质以培育能力优势、不断优化供给以打造环境优势。

From what perspective do we view poverty-stricken farmers,explain their environment and conditions,determine the assistance plan to prevent poverty return during the rural revitalization stage,which is related to the specific measures of poverty management.When the problem perspective obscures the main role of poverty-stricken farmers,the advantage perspective guides people to seek hope from the poverty-stricken farmers themselves.The transformation from a problem perspective to an advantage per-spective involves in-depth exploration of the subjectivity of poverty-stricken farmers,the new stage of pov-erty governance,and the analysis of advantageous elements,etc.,and provide new ideas for continuing edu-cation to prevent poverty return.To address the complex and diverse situation of poverty,especially the risk of returning to poverty,continuing education focuses on the exploration of poverty-stricken farmers'own ad-vantageous resources and the utilization of environmental resources from the perspectives of clarifying the main body,exploring policies,cultivating capabilities,and optimizing the environment,so as to enhance the sustainability of poverty-stricken farmers.