美国中小学教师资格制度的演变及其特征

The Evolution and Characteristics of Teacher Qualification System for Primary and Secondary Schools in the United States

中小学教师资格制度是提升教师质量的重要标准。研究发现:美国中小学教师资格制度经历了萌芽、确立、发展、改革和完善五个阶段,形成了实施PraxisⅠ-Ⅲ标准考试、设置资格认定的高学历标准、构建多样化的证书分类体系、实行教师试用期和更新制度以及建立多元化的社会认证机构的制度特征。从现实角度来看,美国中小学教师资格的考试制度、认定制度、管理制度、配套制度和保障机制对我国中小学教师资格制度改革具有重要意义。

The qualification system for primary and secondary school teachers is an important standard for improving the quality of teachers.The research has found that the qualification system in the United States has gone through five stages:germination,establishment,development,reform,and improvement.It has formed the institutional characteristics of implementing PraxisⅠ-Ⅲstandard exams,setting high academic standards for qualification recognition,constructing a diversified certificate classification system,implementing teacher probation and renewal systems,and establishing a diversified social certification agency.From a practical perspective,the qualification system in the United States has important implications for the reform of China’s primary and secondary school teacher qualification system in terms of examination system,recognition system,management system,supporting system,and guarantee mechanism.