明中都午门须弥座石雕刻纹饰的形态现象及其成因考析

On the Morphological Phenomena and Causes of the Carved Patterns of Xumizuo Stone at the Meridian Gate of the Ming Dynasty

明中都午门须弥座石雕刻纹饰是当时社会意识形态的物化反映。在将明中都午门须弥座石雕刻纹饰依内容划分为动物、植物花卉、几何三大类别基础之上,发现石雕刻纹饰尺寸失调、形制随意的形态现象。进而梳释出造成此现象的三重历史成因:由武官为主的官员和“本土”“海外”户籍的普通匠人共同组成的复杂工匠群体;就地开采石材的质地、肌理所造成的视觉形态;工匠劳役繁重导致心理情绪的宣泄与转化。

The carvings and decorations on the Xumizuo stone at the Meridian Gate of the Ming Dynasty were a materialized reflection of social ideology at that time.Based on their contents the carved patterns are divided into three categories:animals,plants,flowers,and geometry.The size of the stone carving patterns is found to be out of proportion with random morphological phenomena.This paper deduces three historical causes of this phenomenon:the complex craftsman group composed of military officials and ordinary craftsmen with“local”and“overseas”registered residence,the visual form caused by the texture and texture of on-site stone mining,and the release and transformation of psychological emotions of craftsmen led by hard work.